
fJass r- 5 7 - 
Book .^ -^^Tg. 



^'6 



GAZETTEER 



ST. JOSEPH VALLEY 



MICHIGAN AND INDIANA, 



WITH A VIEW OF ITS 



HYDRAULIC AND BUSINESS CAPACITIES, 




CHICAGO: 

HAZLITT & REED, PRINTERS, 90 WASHINGTON ST. 

1867. 



\fti* 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 18G7, by 

T. G. TURNER. 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. 



ERRATA. 

Page 10, line 15 from the bottom, read " over to the The au-ki-ki." 

Page 13, line 19 from top, read St. Joseph Valley Railroad. 

Page 28, line 11, for George " L.", read George C. Hackstafl. 

Page 44, line 6 from the bottom, read Samuel L. Cotterell. 

Page 72, at top, Joseph H. Defrees and not John D. Defrees was member of 
Congress. 

Page 72, line lo from bottom, for " puljlished," read purchased. 

Page 72, Alfred Hall was associated with Mr. Wheeler in the conduct of the 
St. Joseph Valley Register for about two years. 

Page 73, line 9, for monthly read Aveekly. 

Page 93, at top, read Nicar, Deming & Co. 

Page 136, at bottom, read P. C. Perkins. 



cji\'b 



\\ 




GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. VU 

THE aREAT SOUTH BEND 

C4E1IAGE & WAGON FACTOII 

OF 

STUDEB^KER BROS., 

A portion of which is represented on the opposite page, is located near tlie 
St. Joseph river and convenient to tlie Michigan Southern and Northern Indi- 
ana Railroad, eighty-five miles east of Chicago. It was established in 1852, 
and now ranks second to no manufactory of the kind in the "West. Indiana 
is noted for the excellent quality of its timber — particularly the oak found 
upon the openings and barrens of the northern portion of the State is equal 
if not superior to the second growth of Connecticut and New York. This 
timber we use exclusively. 
Attention is called to the fact that we use 

l^MT^llF'^l F^«W1 ®W©©¥ Wamie, 

Which is for superior to any other known to the trade. Also, 
GRANT'S SHIFTING RAIL, 

By which a buggy top can be almost instantly removed, either for convenience 
or in case of accident. 

Our wagon is known as the celebrated " South Bend Wagon," and our shop 
is the only one in the country where the 

SLOFE SHOTJLIDEIiEI? SFOKIE 

Is used. To prove our confidence in our wheels, we will give a warranty that 
those on our 8i^ Thimble Skein Wagon (which is best adapted to general 
tarm use,) will carry Forty Hundred ! 

A branch of our house is located at St. Joseph, Mo., where can be found at 
all times a large and full assortment of our work, at wholesale and retail. 

All classes of our w^agous can also be found at the following places : 

Chillicothe, Mo , .Dunn & Daily. 

Kansas City, " Plant Bros. & Co. 

Little Piney, " Fellows, McGinty & Switzler. 

Hamilton, " Georsie Witwer. 

Coimcil Blufls, Iowa Wall & Hine. 

DesMoines, " Brown, Spafford & Co. 

Belle Plaine, " A. Strinagle. 

Muscatine, '' R. Burtner. 

Marshalltown, " John Turner & Co. 

Aurora, 111 B. W. VanD.yke. 

Bement, " John Piatt «&"Co. 

Chattanooga, Tenn Geo. S. Ruble. 

Brenliam, Texas j. A. Trumbull. 

Helena, " John Ruckman & Bro. 

Rochester, Ind Samuel Keely. 

Goshen, " P.A.Welch. 

Coldwater, Mich B. et T. C. Etheridge. 

Refer to pages 105, 113 and 120 of this book. 

STUDEBAKER BROTHERS. 



HISTORICAL INDEX. 



Battle Creek, Midi 20 

Branch county, " 21 

Bronson, ' " 25 

Burlington, " 20 

Burr Oak, " 28 

Bristol, Ind 31 

Berrien county, Mich 74 

Bertrand, " 77 

Buchanan, " 78 

Berrien Springs, " 78 

Cession of Lands by Indians 11 

Calhoun county, Mich 20 

Coldwater, " .• . . . 2o 

Colon, " 27 

Constantine, " 27 

Centreville, " 28 

Common Schools in Ind 41 

County seat, St. Joseph county, Ind. 

location of 47 

Coquillard Alexis 58 

Commercial College 71 

Carlisle Collegiate Institute 73 

Conclusion 81 

Discovery of the St. Joseph river. . 9 

Elkhart county, Ind 29 

Elkhart, village of 32 

General view 9 

Goshen, Ind 34 

Graded School, South Bend 71 

Hillsdale county, Mich 19 

Hillsdale village, " 19 

Harper, A. R 49 

Harper, J. H 51 

Indian Settlements 11 

Jonesville, Mich 19 

Kankakee Valley, 38 

Kankakee Peat Beds 40 

Michigan Central Railroad 12 

Michigan So. & No. Ind. Railroad. 12 
Marshall, Mich 20 



jMendon, Mich 27 

Mottville, " 28 

Middlebury, Ind 36 

Mishawaka, " 51 

Notre Dame 67 

Northern Indiana College 69 

New Carlisle, Ind 73 

Niles, Mich 77 

Peninsular Railroad 13 

Population of the Valley 16 

Peat ' 40 

Philadelphia Industrial Association 48 

Press of Mii^hawaka 56 

Press of South Bend 71 

Quincy, Mich 24 

Removal of the Indians 11 

Roads in St. Joseph Co., Ind 42 

St. Joseph Valley Railroad 13 

Source of the St. Joseph river 14 

Shipments Ijy Railroad 16 

St. Joseph county, Mich 26 

Sturgis, ' " 28 

St. J^oseph county, Ind 37 

" " " roads in ... . 42 

" " " organised ... 44 

" " " first court in 45 

" " " population of 46 

South Bend, city of 56 

" Manufacturing Co. 59-61 

Hydraulic Co 60 

St. Mary's Academy 70 

St. Joseph's Academy 71 

St. Patrick's Select School 71 

St. Joseph Village, Mich 80 

Treal}^ with the Indians 11 

Tributaries of the St. Joseph river. 14 

Tekonsha, Mich 20 

Three Rivers, Mich 27 

Taylor, Lathrop M 58 

Union City, Mich 25 

White Pigeon, Mich 28 



GENERAL VIEW 



OF THE 



ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



Much doubt and uncei-tainty hang around many of tlie events 
which go to make up the early history of a new country. The 
solitary wilds of an unexplored continent afford few opportunities 
for making those notes and records which, as time advances, be- 
come precious to the seeker after historical truths ; and, as a 
general thing, the explorers and settlers of our Great West have 
been men little accustomed to literary pursuits and less desirous 
of literary honors. Besides, the arduous labors and engrossing 
duties of pioneer life leave little room or opjDortunity for that quiet 
and leisure indispensable to scholarly habits. Thus it is, that a 
considerable portion of the interesting events of our first settlements, 
and of the discovery of the country itself, have faded from the 
memory of man or are only handed down as traditions, distorted by 
the imcertain medium or mystified by the lapse of time. True, 
occasionally men of learning and taste have wandered into the 
very heart of the continent and, with fertile pens, have recorded 
what they did, and saw and suffered. Especially is this true of 
those adventurous French explorers who first penetrated the un- 
broken forests and traversed the almost boundless prairies of the 
West; yet, even they left much for doubt and more for conjecture. 
Their relations are frequently little more than skeletons around 
2 



10 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

which the busy imaginations of subsequent writers have moulded 
forms to suit their purposes or to please their fancies. It is not, 
therefore, strange that the time of the discovery and the identity 
of the discoverer of the river and valley which form the subject 
of this brief sketch are matters of dispute. To be sure, this may 
be said to be a circumstance of not much practical importance, 
but it is a source of regret to the enterprising investigator. The 
French exjilorer LaSalle has generally been accredited the honor 
of this discovery. The Gi'iffin, a vessel of sixty tons, was launched 
by him on Niagara river, in 1679, and in her, accompanied by over 
thirty men, he sailed on the seventh of August of that year, 
bound for the valley of the Mississippi. He crossed lakes Erie and 
St. Clair and arrived at Green Bay, September second. The 
Griffin was the first vessel which ever navigated these lakes. She 
was wrecked on her return trip. 

Coasting along the east shore of lake Michigan, with Hennepin, 
Tonti and some thirty followers, on the first day of November, 
1679, he came to the St. Joseph, which he then called the Miamis, 
or the "River of the Miamis," from the name of an Indian tribe 
living upon it. Here he built a fort. A recent writer professing 
~~to draw his facts from reputable sources, supposes the site of this 
fort to have been Chicago, and the Miamis the Chicago river, a 
m.ost preposterous supposition when all authentic accounts agree 
that from this fort LaSalle started on the third of December with 
twenty-three men and came up the St. Joseph to the portage near 
South Bend, and passing over the The-au-ki-ki or Kankakee, went 
down that river to the Illinois. The site of his fort is still pointed 
out at St. Joseph ; and the remains of another built by him out the 
river near Niles, Michigan, is still to be seen. There is no doubt 
but LaSalle discovered the mouth of the river, and was the first 
voyager upon it for seventy miles towards its source. 

In 1673, Frontenac and Talon, the governor and intendant of 
Canada, resolved to send an expedition, under Louis Joliet, to 
explore the direction and mouth of the Mississippi. Father 
Marquette was directed to accompany the party as missionary. 
During this expedition, and probably in the latter j^art of the 
summer of 1673, it is said Marquette passed uj) the Illinois and 
Kankakee rivers and over the portage to the St. Joseph of the 
lakes. If this be so, of which there seems to be no doubt, then 
his was the first European eye that ever rested upon the waters of 



VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 11 

this lovely river, and tliat too, at a point not two miles distant 
from the present city of South Bend. This was more than six years 
before the discovery of LaSalle. A narrative of Marquette's voyage, 
first published in 1681, and also of a journal of his last expedition, 
with autograph maps, may be found in Shea's " Discovery and 
Exploi-ation of the Mississippi Valley." The doubts once enter- 
tained of the authenticity of these papers no longer remain. 

These conflicting claims are briefly stated here rather incidently, 
but not with a view to discuss them, nor to make any determina- 
tion of the issue. As we have before said, the matter is of no 
great practical importance — no greater, perhaps, than it Avould be 
to know for a certainty whether the continent of America was first 
discovered by Biorn of Iceland, Leif the son of Eric the Red, or 
by Columbus the Genoese. The curious may settle it if they can. 

The valley at the time of its discovery, was occupied by Indians, 
mostly of the Potawattomie tribe, interspersed by a few Miamis 
and Chippewas. It was a favorite resort for those "red men of 
the forest," and remains of some of their villages and cornfields 
are said to be found at the present time. Some of these settle- 
ments were as follows : Chebass', Casson's and Topennebee vil- 
lages, near Niles, Musconginon, Weesaw, Pokagon, Mishawaka 
and Mongonghanon. 

In 1828, Gen. Lewis Cass, then Territorial Governor of the State 
of Michigan, made a treaty at the Mission near Niles, by which 
the Indians cedfed to the United States all their lands in the valley 
with the exception of some small reservations, A few years after- 
wards these reservations were also ceded to the Government, and in 
1840 about two thousand of the aborigines under the conduct of 
Alexis Coquillard, left for their new home west of the Mississippi. 
In 1843, Mr. Coquillard removed all the remaining Indians, leav- 
ing the white man in full and undisputed possession of their 
ancient territory. The removal was entirely voluntary on the 
part of the Indians. They had the option presented to go in 
peace or by the gentle persuasion of the bayonet. Deeply sensi- 
ble of the law of necessity which applied to their case, by an 
extraordinary efibrt of free will, they voluntarily departed ! 

Previous to 1830 the only means of access to the valley was by 
two Indian trails, one from Detroit and the other from P^ort Wayne, 
intersecting at Niles ; and by coasting along lake Michigan to the 
mouth of the river. Soon after that date, the Territorial road 



12 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

from D'etroit to Chicago, the Vistula road from Toledo to South 
Bend, the Michigan road from Madison to Michigan City and the 
State road from Fort Wayne to South Bend were opened and an 
impetus thereby given to immigration. At the present time it is 
penetrated by two of the most important trunk lines of railroad 
to be foimd on the continent. The Michigan Central was the first 
railroad built in the State whose name it bears. Its beneficial 
effect throughout the region which borders upon it have been 
very great. It runs from Detroit through the beautiful towns of 
Ypsilanti, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Marshall, Battle Creek and Kala- 
mazoo to Niles ; thence through Buchanan and Michigan City to 
Cliicago; making a total distance of two hundred and eighty-four 
miles. It was commenced and partially built by the State at a 
time when financial Dogberries ruled her legislative destinies ; 
but in 1844 it passed into the hands of the present corporation, 
and was soon completed and ready for business. It has been well 
and successfully managed ; in proof of which reference need only 
to be made to its universal poj)ularity along its entire route and 
with the public generally. 

-.The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana railroad was com- 
pleted to South Bend in the mouth of November, 1851, and soon 
after was opened from lake Erie to lake Michigan. It runs 
through the Valley of St. Joseph from near Hillsdale, in Michi- 
gan, to the western part of St. Joseph county, Indiana. It is en- 
tirely impossible to estimate the material advantages derived from 
this mammoth line of communication, by all the territory which it 
traverses. By it. South Bend is one hundred and fifty-seven miles 
from Toledo and eighty-five from Chicago. It is one of the best 
constructed railroads in the United States, and its management is 
unexceptionable in every respect. Its capital stock is 110,601,200, 
and its bonded debt $9,135,840, making the aggregate capital 
invested nearly $20,000,000. Its gross earnings for the year end- 
ing February 28th, 1867, were $4,673,129.86. During the same 
year the total number of miles run, by all kinds of trains, was 
2,386,193, or more than ninety-five times around the globe! The 
track owned, maintained and operated by this company, is as 
follows : 



VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 13 

Toledo to Chicago, old line 342.06 miles. 

Main track north of 22d street, Chicago 1.18 " 

Toledo to Elkhart, air line. 133.20 " 

Air Line Junction to Detroit 61.51 " 

Adrian to Monroe Junction 33.60 " 

Palmyra Junction to Jackson 44.40 " 

Sidetracks 62.32 " 

Total 578.27 " 

There are only seven hundred and sixty-eight feet of wooden 
bridging upon the road, and this will soon be replaced by pei-ma- 
nent structures of stone. 

It is worthy of especial remark, that during the year, the amount 
received for way passengers exceeds the amount from through 
passengers by $271,319, a fact not only showing the character of 
the country through which it runs, but suggestive to the managers 
of the importance of cultivating this branch of traffic. E. B. 
Phillips, Esq., is President, and Chas. F. Hatch, Esq., General 
Superintendent. 

The St. Joseph railroad runs from White Pigeon, on the Michi- 
gan Southern and Northern Indiana road, by way of Constantine, 
Three Rivers and Schoolcraft to Kalamazoo, a distance of. about 
thii'ty miles. This road, as far as Three Rivers, was built and for 
several years operated by the Michigan Southern and Northern 
Indiana Company. The whole road is now under the manage- 
ment of Ransom Gardner, Esq., and is an important line of com- 
munication and traffic for a large and fertile portion of the valley. 

A railroad is now in process of construction from Port Huron, 
in Michigan, by the way of Flint, Lansing and Battle Creek, Mich- 
igan, and Mishawaka to South Bend. It is called the "Peninsu- 
lar," and is intended to be a first class road in every respect. 
From South Bend it will be carried forward to Chicago, by the 
way of Laporte and Valparaiso, so that the connection between 
the termini will be continuous and complete. The whole length 
of this route is about three hundred and twenty-nine miles, viz. : 
from Port Huron to Flint, sixty-five miles ; from Flint to Lansing, 
forty-five miles ; from Lansing to Battle Creek, forty-five miles ; 
from Battle Creek to Indiana State Line, sixty-nine miles ; from 
State Line to Chicago, one hundred and five miles. A large pro- 
portion of the road bed, in the State of Michigan, is already 
graded ; and at least that portion between Port Huron and Flint 



14 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

will be ironed and in perfect running order before the close of 
1867. Arrangements have been made for the necessary material 
aid, so that the early completion of the Peninsular road is placed 
beyond a peradventure or a doubt. 

Enterprising capitalists are moving with a view to the constnxc- 
tion of a railroad from the mouth of the St. Joseph river, by the 
way of Berrien and Niles, in Michigan, to South Bend and thence 
to intersect the Chicago and Peru roacl at Plymouth. The dis- 
tance is about sixty miles ; and the road when built will doubtless 
be a very important and profitable one. Both these contemplated 
roads will be of great advantage in developing the resources of 
the country through which they will pass. 

The St. Joseph takes its rise in a small lake, called Baw-Beese, 
in Hillsdale county, Michigan, near the county seat, and runs 
thence north-west into Calhoun county. Near Tekonsha it makes 
an abrupt bend, and its general course thence to South Bend is 
south-westerly. From South Bend to Lake Michigan it runs 
nearly north. From its head to its mouth the river flows through 
a rich, level and well cultivated country, and neither upon or near 
any of its numerous tributaries can be found a mountain nor many 
elevations that aspire to the dignity of hills. The face of the 
valley is undulating, sometimes quite rolling, but everywhere well 
adapted to purposes of husbandry. The landscape is beautified 
by many small lakes and brooklets, and occasionally unimportant 
marshes are found ; but these last are fast disappearing under a 
uniform and general system of drainage. The source of the river 
is on the ridge dividing the waters of lake Erie from those of lake 
Michigan, and which is, perhaps, the highest point of land on the 
Peninsula. The descent from Hillsdale to lake Michigan is grad- 
ual but constant and considerable, so that the St. Joseph, although 
flowing through a remarkably level country has, at almost every 
point, a rapid current. Being fed largely from springs and lakes, 
it is not subject to rapid and excessive rises nor to inconveniently 
low stages of water. Inundations are infrequent and unimport- 
ant. Its chief tributaries are the Coldwater, Fawn, Pigeon, Little 
Elkhart, Elkhart, Dowagiac and Paw Paw rivers, all of which 
are valuable mill streams. 

Unlike all mountain streams, the St. Joseph, instead of decreas- 
ing in its volume as the surrounding country is cleared and im- 
proved, has exhibited a very decided increase. This is caused by 



VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 15 

the drainage of marshes and low lands, thus bringing into the 
current of the river a large quantity of water which was hereto- 
fore sijread over a vast area and there been left to evaporate to the 
detriment of health and to the general damage and discomfort of 
the country. This accretion is constantly going on and for many 
years must add very materially to the volume of the stream. A 
steamboat called the Schuyler Colfax, of about two hundred tons 
burthen, is now plying regularly between South Bend and the 
mouth of the river, meeting with little or no obstruction, even at 
the present low stage of the water. For years much of the com- 
merce of this valley was carried on by steam and keel boats quite 
successfully. It now only requires a comparatively small outlay 
of means to complete slack water navigation as far up as Three 
Rivers, in Michigan. A few locks and dams only are needed to 
perfect the navigation for steamers of three hundred tons burthen. 
Such an improvement would be highly advantageous to those 
whose business involves the moving of heavy and bulky freight. 

But a little more than thirty years have elapsed since emigra- 
tion was fairly directed towards this valley. Then, there were no 
roads, no houses, no mills, no improvements of any kind. Sup- 
plies had to be brought from a distance, and at great expense and 
hazard. The sickness, suffering, privation and discouragement 
incident to all new settlements in the West, had to be encoun- 
tered. Homes had to be made, society formed and all the appli- 
ances of civilized life to be wrought out by courage, perseverance 
and industry. The pioneers of the valley and their successors 
have done nobly. Few sections in all the Great West can show 
equal results. The contrast and the progress made will more 
fully appear by the following figures : 

The amount of flour received at Toledo by the Michigan South- 
ern and Northern Indiana Railroad for the years indicated and 
from the places named, all being properly included in the Valley 
of St. Joseph, is as follows : 



GAZETTEEE OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

1864. ISO'S. 1866. 

NO. BBLS. NO. BRLS. NO. BBLS. 

South Bend 30,834...- 38,954 21,741 

Misliawaka 6,786 30,436 11,935 

Elkhart 19,419 31,438 22,551 

Bristol 10,097 12,834 8,328 

Middlebury 2,194 4,008 2,089 

Three Rivers 3,300 28,757 31,130 

Constantine 17,828 24,526 12,126 

White Pigeon 8,208 11,346 5,803 

Sturgis 8,378 14,310 6,000 

Burr Oak 3,908 9,242 5,100 

Bronsou 485 888 164 

Coldwater 11,706 17,303 5,321 

Quincy 938 200 3,432 

Jonesville 7,165 10,046 1,026 

Goshen 24,628 31,880 16,195 



Total 155,874 266,162 152,941 

The amount of grain received, as above, for the same years, 
was, in 1864, 725,238 bushels; in 1865 it was 770,075 bushels; in 
1866 it was 447,878 bushels. The almost total failure of the 
Avheat crop and the short corn crop of 1866 is the cause of the 
falling off in that year. The year 1867 will undoubtedly show 
a greater export of flour and grain from the places named above 
than was ever known in a former year, by the equivalent of more 
than half a million bushels. The figures already given, of course, 
do not include the quantities sent west and that shi2)ped by the 
lake and by the Michigan Central Railroad. 

The fruit exports including apples, peaches, strawberries, 
huckleberries and cranberries, are almost incredible, but we have 
no means of giving even a proximate of the actual amount. In 
one week the present summer, over seven thousand bushels of 
strawberries were sent to Chicago, from the port of St. Joseph 
alone. The peach crop along the lower valley, is of very great 
value and is seldom known to be a failure. 

The population of the Valley, as shown by the census of 1860, 
aggregates as follows : 

In Michigan 131,045 

In Indiana , 50.113 



Total 181,158 

An estimate for the present time, founded upon the ascertained 



VALLEY OF THE ST. JOSEPH. 17 

rate of increase, gives 287,684. This includes six counties and 
half of five others. 

To say that the St. Joseph river is a beautiful stream of water 
and that the countiy through which it flows is a very pleasant 
and productive valley of land would be a truthful generalization 
not likely to be disputed, but equally applicable to many other 
rivers and their surroundings. Indeed, it may be doubted 
whether the eye of the poet or of the painter would here meet 
with that satisfaction easily to be found in more ungenial climes 
and amid more rugged foi'mations. To the eye of the utilitarian, 
however, he who seeks for more immediate and more practical 
uses, very little is here wanting to insure the highest gratification. 
Almost from its very source, the river has such a volume of water 
and such a gradual but decided fall, as to aiford a succession of 
valuable locations for the development of hydraulic power ; and 
the country which it at once waters and drains, though in many 
places highly picturesque and beautiful, is noted more than for 
all else, as a section where rural abundance is almost spontaneous. 
Perhaps no valley in the land, of equal size, is capable of yielding 
more sure or more ample rewards to the industrious worker, or 
oifers greater facilities for the suj^port of a dense population of 
enterprising people. This fact cannot but be apparent to even the 
casual observer. The numerous and large fields of all the cereals 
adapted to the latitude bear ample testimony to the quality o'l the 
soil ; natural meadows, thickly set in the rich native grasses and 
affording abundant and excellent herbage ; orchards laden with 
their pomological treasures, gladdening the sight and tempting 
the appetite ; gardens rejoicing in succulent luxuriaHce ; natural 
forests of useful and ornamental trees, all these and much moi*e,give 
to the landscape an air not only of plenty but of absolute pro- 
fusion. Add to all this the fact of easy culture, speedy and 
cheap transportation and a good and never failing market, and 
the dream of the agricultural Utopian appears to be realized. 
But add, further, the extraordinary facilities for all manner of 
industrial pvu-suits afforded by the immense hydraulic power of 
the river, and a reality, not a picture, is produced which challen- 
ges competition or comparison. 

Each town and village along the valley, which has struggled up 
from the days of the early settlement of the country, is now 
becoming the nucleus of a thriving and important center of Indus- 



18 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

try and trade. The rose colored expectations of the first settlers 
and the feverish excitement occasioned by the construction of 
railroads through the country, each visionary and delusive, have 
subsided into a more sober and practical view of things, and now 
there seems to be not only a rational appreciation of the facilities 
which nature has afforded, but a substantial exhibition of that 
practical application and energetic action which form a sure pre- 
sage of success. A generation of white men have quietly seen 
the St. Joseph river sweeping past their doors, wasting its mighty 
powers in improvising sand-bars and in dancing over riffles. 
That generation, while waiting, like Micawber, for " something to 
turn up " to their advantage, have passed away. A new era has 
dawned. Enterprise is at work. Genius and art; intelligence 
and thrift ; capital and labor have combined in a sort of co-oper- 
ative union for the purpose of subjecting to humanizing uses the 
hitherto unappropriated and unappreciated capabilities of the 
situation. 



HILLSDALE COTIITTY, MICHI&AN. 



This county, containing some of the highest land in the Penin- 
sula, is the fruitful mother of rivers. Here rise the St. Joseph of 
Lake Michigan, the St. Joseph of the Mauraee, the Raisin and 
the Kalamazoo. Several other small- streams rise in, or traverse 
the county. The surface is generally rolling, with abrupt swells, 
which may, perhaps, properly be called hills. The soil is rich 
and productive. In several places fine quarries of a very good 
quality of sand stone crop out, well adapted for building — almost 
the only ones to be found in the lower peninsula. Lime and iron 
ore are found, though not in large quantities. Wheat, corn, pota- 
toes and wool are the chief agricultural productions. The village 
of Hillsdale is the county seat. It is very pleasantly situated 
near the outlet of Baw Beese lake, and is noted for the romantic 
beauty of its surroimdings. It enjoys a large and increasing 
ti'ade, and its manufactures are in a thriving condition. Hillsdale 
College, a large and esteemed institution, under the control of the 
Freewill Baptists, is located here. Both male and female students 
are admitted. 

The village of Jonesville is situated about four miles north- 
west of Hillsdale, on the Michigan Southern and Northern 
Indiana Railroad and on the St. Joseph river, which even here, 
furnishes a very good water power. It is, properly, the first 
village in the valley descending the river. Its population is esti- 
mated at nearly two thousand, who are noted for intelligence and 
enterprise. It contains several manufactories, among which is 
an extensive woolen factory. 



CALHOUN COUNTY, MICHiaAF. 



This is one of the finest counties in the State, and contains 
seven hiindred and twenty square miles. The soil is mostly a 
rich sandy loam, with some black alluvial loam in the river bot- 
toms. It is one of the chief wool producing counties in Michi- 
gan. The population in 1860 was 29,398. It is noted for its 
superior public schools. In 1860 there were 7,968 children attend- 
ing school. There were 116 male and 212 qualified female teach- 
ers, to whom was paid 122,258.40. It has two flourishing cities, 
Marshall, the county seat, and Battle Creek, both situated on 
the Central railroad and the Kalamazoo river, and some thirteen 
miles apart. The population of the former in 1860 was 4,000 and 
of the latter about the same. The village of Tekonsha is situ- 
ated near the St. Joseph river, on the stage route from Coldwater 
to Marshall. It has a good water power and is a thriving town. 
Ten miles below Tekonsha is the village of Burlington, also on 
the St. Joseph, and containing some three hundred people. It is 
fourteen miles north of the Michigan Southern and sixteen miles 
south of the Central railroad. It has some manufactories, 
including a machine shop. 



BEANCH COTJNTT, MICHIGAN. 



From its source, the St. Joseph river runs nearly north-west 
into Calhoun county, after which brief diversion it turns south- 
westerly, and after touching the county of Branch, goes no 
farther north again than the southern tier of counties in Michigan. 
It makes a detour into Indiana but, returning very suddenly, 
pursues its course with great rapidity to its native State and 
empties its treasure of waters into Lake Michigan not more than 
five miles from a due west line from its source. At Union City, 
in Branch county, the Coldwater river debouches into the St. 
Joseph, thus making the whole county tributary to and a jsart of 
the valley. 

The county of Branch in point of location, fertility and general 
advantages, is hai'dly surpassed by any other county in the j^enin- 
sular State. It was organized in 1833, having been previous to 
that time a part of St. Joseph county. It contains five hundred 
and twenty-eight square miles. In 1860 it had a population of 
20,981, and has now at least 30,000. The estimated value of its 
real and personal estate is over twelve millions of dollars. The 
surface is generally level and the soil diversified, but all of it 
producing crops of extraordinary abundance. It is watered by 
the St. Joseph, Big Swan, Little Swan, Prairie and Coldwater 
rivers and numerous small creeks and rivulets which become 
tributaries to the larger streams. The Michigan Southern and 
Northern Indiana railroad passes through the county and has 
been a source of inestimable benefit to it. J. B. Crippen, Esq., 
formerly an enterprising citizen of Coldwater, a few years since 



22 GAZETTEER OF THE ST, JOSEPH VALLEY. 

published a 3Ionthly Journal at that place, from which the follow- 
ing is extracted : 

"When this county constituted a part of St. Joseph, it was 
known as the township of Green. Afterwards the towns of 
Coldwater and Prairie River were organised ; the former embrac- 
ing the eastern, the latter the western portion of the county. 
From time to time other towns were organized ; the names of 
some have been changed, and now we have sixteen. The county 
seat was first located in 1831, at Masouville, on the east branch of 
the Coldwater river, by commissioners appointed for that purpose. 
But their location not being confirmed, it was removed in Octo- 
ber of the same year to Branch, a few miles south-west of there, 
within the township of Coldwater. ****** 
In 1842 the county seat was removed by an act of the legislature 
to the village (now city) of Coldwater. 

" The settlements in this county were commenced as early as 
1828. The trials and difticulties which the pioneers had to endure 
and contend with were many, among which, not the least was the 
want of mills. There was no mill for grinding grain nearer than 
Constantine, thirty-five miles west, or Tecumseh, fifty-five miles 
east, and it was a journey of several days to and from either of 
those places, traveling by marked trees through the woods. 

"In 1829, Messrs. Foster and LeRonge had an Indian trading 
house, west of the Coldwater river, on the north side of the 
Chicago road. Mr. Godfroy had a trading house at the east end 
of Coldwater Prairie ; and afterwards Lorin Marsh established a 
trading house on the west bank of the river, on the south side of 
the Chicago road. Mr. Bonner, a Welchman, was the first white 
man who came with his family to the township of Coldwater. 
Rev. E. H. Pilcher preached the first sermon on Coldwater Prairie, 
and also conducted the first funeral exercises, on the occasion of 
the death of a child of Allen Tibbits. Rev. Allen Tibbits was the 
first resident preacher of the gospel. He emigrated to this 
country in 1831, and delivered his first discourse in July of that 
year. Wales Adams came from Massachusetts, and located in the 
western part of the county, in the year 1830, where he erected one 
of the first saw mills built in the county, on a stream called Prairie 
river." Allen Tibbits, spoken of in the above extract, still lives 
at Coldwater. He long since abandoned the clerical profession, 



BRANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 23 

and is now a respectable citizen and an alderman of that thriving 
city. 

The city of Coldwater, the seat of justice of Branch county, 
is situated on the east branch of the river of the same name, and 
not far from Coldwater lake. Mr. Clark, in his Gazetteer of Mich- 
igan, says that " this is one of the most beautiful and pleasantly 
located towns in the country, being located in the center of a 
farming region that is unsurpassed for fertility and productiveness, 
and inhabited by an enterprising and refined class of people, who 
evidently take great pride in rendering their city neat and 
attractive," It has a poi^ulation of over five thousand, and is 
distinguished for the intelligence of its women and the beauty of 
its men.* It sent many good soldiers to the late war, furnished 
material for three or four generals, and was worthily represented 
in the quartermaster's department. The celebrated Loomis' 
Battery went from here, and the six guns with which they did 
such splendid service have been returned to the city, &nd are 
there held as mementoes of patriotism and valor. Aside from the 
elegant public school, built at a cost of over $30,000, the public 
buildings are unimportant. The court house is far from modern 
in its arrangements and much too small. The jail is a disgrace 
to modern or any other kind of civilization; indeed, it is not 
equal, in size, style and comfort, to a majority of the stables in 
the city. If common humanity does not soon prompt the build- 
ing of a new and better one it is to be hoped that some sense of 
shame will. It may be remarked that the people of the city, as a 
general thing, see and deplore this blot which the inhabitants of 
the " rural districts " seem determined to perpetuate. There is 
located here a very fine " Young Ladies' Seminary " which is 
performing a work of great usefulness. 

The first white settlement was made in 1829, by a man named 
Campbell. On the 30th of October, of the same year, the eldest 
daughter of Mr. Allen Tibbits died, and she was the first white 
person buried in the town. In 1832, the village was laid out by 
Joseph Hanchett and Allen Tibbits, and was called Lyons. The 
following year the name was changed to Coldwater, that being 
the interpretation of Chuck-sen-ya-bish, the Indian name of the 
neighboring river. The first meeting house was erected in 1836. 



* Vide the Mistletoe Bough. 



24 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

An organization under a city charter was effected in 1861, when 
Albert Chandler was elected the first Mayor. 

The first newspaper issued in Branch county was published in 
the village of Branch, then the county seat, in 1832, and was 
called the Michigan Argus. In 1833 Dr. Calkins issued the 
Coldtoater Observer, in the village of Cold water. In 1842 the 
Observer passed into the hands of M. B. Josselyn, who changed 
the name to Coldwater Democrat, and published it till 1844, when 
Albert Chandler jiurchased it and continued it some five years, at 
the end of which time it was discontinued. It was born, lived 
and died a Democrat. The Branch County Journal was started 
in November, 1851, by B. F. Thompson, and in 1856 it passed 
into the hands of Eddy, Gray & Co., who changed the name to 
Branch County Bepublican. In 1862 the Republican was bought 
by Franc B. Way and changed to the Branch County Gazette. 
This paper has been Republican throughout, and is now pub- 
lished by Benton & Burr. 

The Democratic Union was commenced by the late Captain 
John L. Hackstaff, in 1856, and continued until 1861, when its 
publisher and editor, at the call of his country, went into the 
army, from which he returned only to die of disease contracted in 
the service. The Southern Michigan Neim, an independent paper, 
was started in March, 1862, under the editorial charge of T. G. 
Turner, and was discontinued in the following winter, when the 
editor went into the army. The Welcome Guest, a Spiritual 
paper, was published for several months in 1859, by Loudon and 
Hackstaff; and James B. Cripjien, Esq., in 1861, issued an adver- 
tising sheet called Crippenus Monthly Journal, evincing consider- 
able editorial ability. In 1864 Frederick V. Smith commenced 
the Coldtoater Sentinel, at first an independent paper, but now of 
the Democratic faith. It is still published by Smith and Moore, 
and ably edited by the former gentleman. The Bepublican, the 
politics of which is denoted by its name, was commenced in the 
summer of 1866, by Major D. J. Easton, and is now published by 
W. J. & O. A. Bo wen. It is a quarto sheet of very fine 
appearance, and may fairly claim to be a first-class weekly news- 
paper. 

QuiNCY is an incorporated village, on the Michigan Southern 
Railroad, six miles east of Coldwater. It is a place of consider- 
able trade, tind has about twelve hundred inhabitants. 



BKANCH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 25 

The village of Bkonson is twelve miles west of Coldwater, and 
has a population of some five hundred. It is a brisk little town, 
and has recently been contesting with its j^roud neighbor, the 
honor of being the county seat. As yet it has been unsuccessful. 

Union City is a pleasant town, at the mouth of the Cold- 
water river, twelve miles northwesterly from the county seat, and 
on the St. Joseph. It has a fine water power, as yet unimproved, 
except on the Coldwater. Had it a railroad connection with the 
rest of the world, it would soon equal if not surpass any town in 
the county. 

3 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN, 



In point of fertility of soil and general natural advantages, 
St. Joseph is among the foremost counties in the valley. One of 
the peculiarities of this county is thus related by Mr. Clark : "In 
various parts of this and the adjoining counties are found 
interesting traces of a species of agriculture practiced by a race 
that inhabited this region at some very remote period. These 
remains are in the shape of ancient garden beds, laid out with 
mathematical precision, and occupying, oftentimes, a great extent 
of ground, frequently covering from one to three hundred acres 
in a single field or garden. They are generally found in prairies 
or burr oak plains. They appear in fanciful shapes, but order and 
symmetry of proj^ortion seem to govern. Some ave laid off in 
rectilineal or curvilineal figures, either distinct or combined in a 
fantastic manner, in parterres and scolloped work, with alleys 
between, and apparently amjjle walks or avenues, leading in 
different directions, displaying a taste that would not discredit a 
modern pleasure garden. On the west bank of the St. Joseph 
river, a short distance from the village of Three Rivers, a garden 
of this kind is still to be seen in tolerable preservation. The 
garden is judged to be half a mile in length by one-third in 
breadth, and contains upwards of one hundred acres, regularly 
laid out in beds, running north and south, in the form of 
parallelograms, five feet wide, one hundred feet long, and eighteen 
inches deep, with alleys between them eighteen inches wide and 
eighteen inches deep. At the extremity of each, is a semi-lunar 
bed, or semi-circle, of the same depth and diameter, corresponding 
to the width of the beds. The beds have the appearance of being 
raised above the surrounding country, and are as regular and 
distinct as if but recently made. One of the most singular 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 27 

circumstances connected with these remains is that the Indians 
of the neighborhood were evidently in perfect ignorance of their 
originators or their uses. * * * * It is evident 
that these gardens were constructed and cultivated by a race of 
men in every way superior in intelligence and civilization to the 
American Indians of the present or past century." 

This county had in 1860 an aggregate population of 21,111. 
At the present time it probably has about 31,500. There are 
several incorporated villages in the county. Descending the 
St. Joseph river, the first is Colon, with a population of about 
six hundred, and six miles below, Mendon, of about the same 
size. Both of these towns have good, but undeveloped, water 
power in abundance. 

The flourishing and enterprising village of Three Rivers is 
situated at the confluence of the Portage river and Rocky creek 
with the St. Joseph, whence the name. The St. Joseph Railroad 
runs through, connecting it with both the Michigan Southern, at 
White Pigeon, and the Central, at Kalamazoo, it being twelve 
miles to the former and eighteen to the latter place. The j^opu- 
lation is estimated at about 2,500. Three Rivers is at the head of 
navigation on the St. Joseph. To this point, for many years 
before the completion of the great east and west railroads, 
steamers of light draught constantly plied from Lake Michigan, 
Lockport, Brooklyn and Canada, three adjoining settlements, are 
regarded as suburbs of Three Rivers. The hydraulic power 
afforded by the three streams which here mingle their waters is 
immense, and unsurpassed in the State, except at Grand Rapids. 
It is improved to some extent, but there is still a large surplus 
awaiting the demands of capital and enterprise. 

The first settler was Jacob McEutenfer, in 1830. The village 
was laid out in 1836, and incorporated in 1857. The first church 
was erected in 1838. 

At the point where Fawn river falls into the St. Joseph, and on 
the railroad from White Pigeon to Kalamazoo, four miles from the 
Michigan Southern road, is situated the village of Constantine, 
with something over fifteen hundred inhabitants. Fawn river 
furnishes a first class water power, which has been liberally 
improved and profitably used. The St. Joseph has never been 
dammed here, but offers great inducement for such an improve- 
ment. The town is handsomely laid out, and is ornamented with 



28 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

a good degree of taste. It is one of the most beautiful and live 
towns of the West, and is worthy the particular notice of those 
who are seeking locations for business. 

White Pigeon is located on the Southern Michigan and 
^Northern Indiana Railroad, near the Indiana line, and is the 
Southern terminus of the St. Joseph road. Pigeon river flows 
through the town, and afibrds good and abundant water power. 
Considerable manufacturing is done here, and the town is in a 
healthy and flourishing condition. The population is nearly or 
quite two thousand. A very good newspaper is published here, 
called the Democratic Union, by George L. Hackstafi" & Co. The 
*' ofiice " is the same one used by Captain Hackstafl?", now 
deceased, in printing his paper of the same name at Coldwater, 
several years ago. 

Twelve miles east of White Pigeon, on the railroad, in the 
midst of one of the finest prairies in the West, is the village of 
Sturgis, with a population of nearly two thousand. It is a 
thriving town, and likely to become a prominent point on the 
Michigan and Indiana Railroad, which is now being built and 
which will here cross the Michigan Southern. It has one news- 
paper, the Sturgis Journal, edited by Hon. J. G. Wait. 

Burr Oak is six miles to the east of Sturgis, and has about 
eight hundred inhabitants. The village is prosperous. 

Centerville is the county seat of St. Joseph, and is tastefully 
laid oiit, in the interior of the county. It has several fine resi- 
dences and respectable county buildings. The Prairie river fur- 
nishes a fair water power which is improved to some extent. The 
sound of the locomotive never echoed through the streets of 
Centerville, and as a consequence it has only about six or seven 
hundred people. 

Returning to the St. Joseph river, we come to Mottville, a 
few miles below Constantine. Settlements and considerable 
improvements were made here at an early day. It has a splendid 
water power but no railroad communication. General Hart L. 
Stewart, now of Chicago, was one of the first settlers here, and 
V\'as formerly a large landholder, and one of the most enterprising 
men in the county. Better days may be in store for Mottville. 
It needs only enterprise and industry to raise the poj)ulation far 
above eight hundred, which is about the present number. We 
pow pass into Indiana. 



ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 



This county is bounded north by the State of Michigan, east 
by Noble and LaGrange counties, south by Kosciusko county, and 
west by St. Joseph county. It is divided into sixteen townships, 
viz. : Cleveland, Baugo, Olive, Locke, Osolo, Concord, Harrison, 
Union, Washington, Jefferson, Elkhart, Jackson, York, Middle- 
bury, Clinton and Benton. Its aggregate population at the 
present time does not vary much from 30,000. In 1860 it was, 
according to the census returns for that year, 20,986, showing an 
increase in seven years of at least 9,014. Assuming this as the 
rate of increase for the ten years ending in 1870, the number at 
that date will be near 35,000, which will be found to be under 
rather than over the mark. The first census was taken in 1830, 
for which the county paid the sum of four dollars and fifty cents, 
a fact warranting the inference, perhaps, that the number of 
inhabitants was not large, although what it was does not appear. 

The county was organized in June, 1830, by James Matthews, 
John Jackson and Armenius C. Penwell, constituting the Board 
of Justices, the former of whom was elected president. At a 
special meeting of the board, in the following July, all the 
territory in the State east of the present limits of the county was 
erected into a township, and called Mong-go-qua-nong. The 
territory constituting this township of magnificent proportions 
and distances, as well as name, was attached to Elkhart county 
for judicial and other purposes, and has since been organized into 
several counties. The territory now forming a part of Kosciusko 
county, on the south, was also attached to Elkhart at that time, 
and was known as Turkey Creek township. 



30 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed under the organizing 
act of the Legislature, located the county seat on the southwest 
quarter of section twenty-four, in Concord township; but in 1831 
this location was changed, and the seat of justice was finally 
established at Goshen, where it still remains. Here the first court 
of record was held, by the associate judges of the county, in 
November, 1830, who were allowed and paid for their judicial 
services, in addition to the honor which they enjoyed, the sum of 
four dollars each. 

In July, 1830, the first merchant's license was issued to 
Dominique Rouseau, an Indian trader of those times. 

The county contains 4*72 square miles, or 302,080 acres of land. 
The number of acres returned for taxation is 291,830, which shows 
the waste land, village plats, &c., to be but a small fraction over 
three per cent. The last property valuation, as returned, is as 
follows : 

Eeal Estate $4,604,163 

Personal Estate 4,101,493 

Total for taxation $8,705,656 

But these figures fail entirely to give the actual value of the 
property in the county. It does not include a large amount of 
property exempt from taxation, and the taxable is only an approx- 
imation to the real value. 

There are nine villages in the county, viz. : Goshen, Elkhart, 
Middlebury, Bristol, Millersburg, Waterford, Wakarusha, New 
Paris and Benton. The first two are important towns ; the others 
are thriving points for local trade. 

The St. Joseph river enters the State of Indiana and the county 
of Elkhart near the northeast corner of Washington township, 
and runs southwesterly, through Bristol to Elkhart; thence, nearly 
due west to St. Joseph county. The Elkhart river enters the 
county near the northeast corner of Benton township, and runs 
nearly west, through the village of Benton to Jackson township ; 
thence it pursues a northwesterly course through Waterford and 
Goshen, in Elkhart township, across Jeflferson and Concord town- 
ships, to Elkhart, where it enters the St. Joseph. It is a fine 
stream, of considerable volume, and has several valuable mill sites 
upon it. At Goshen, it is made available for manufacturing pur- 



ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 31 

poses to a large extent. The Little Elkhart passes through 
Middlebury and johis the St. Joseph at Bristol. Christian creek 
rises in Michigan, enters Elkhart county at the northwest corner 
of Osolo township, and runs thence nearly south to Elkhart, where 
it falls into the St. Joseph. Turkey creek enters into the Elkhart 
river some four miles south of Goshen. Baugo creek and its 
tributaries serve to water much of the west part of the county. 

The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad touches 
the county in York township, runs southwesterly through Bristol 
and Elkhart to the west line "of Baugo township, where it enters 
St. Joseph county. The air-line branch has its western terminus 
at Elkhart, and runs almost due southeast, through Goshen and 
Millersburg, to the northeast corner of Benton township, a distance 
of about twenty miles, where it leaves the county. 

The soil of Elkhart county is invariably of a most excellent 
quality, and well adapted to the production of fruits, vegetables, 
and all kinds of grains and grasses. The climate is good, the 
water excellent and no county in the State of Indiana stands 
higher in every de|irable respect. 

Following the course of the St. Joseph, from the old town of 
Mottville, seven miles, we come to Bristol. This town is 
situated just below where the Little Elkhart enters the St. Josejih, 
and occupies a beautiful and high plateau of land at a point where 
the latter river makes a bold but short sweep to the south. The 
favorable character of the soil, the elevated plateau, the splendid 
water view from almost every part of the town, the abundance of 
verdure interspersed with fruits and flowers, and withal that 
general air of quiet and serenity which everywhere pervades, serve 
to render Bristol emphatically the 

" Loveliest village of the plain." 

The surrounding country is very fertile and very beautiful, and 
the trade of the town, although local, has, from the first settle- 
ment of the valley, been important. Quite a large grain trade 
centers hei*e, and the country round about is noted for the 
quantity and quality of its orchard fruits. 

The Little Elkhart has hitherto furnished sufficient hydraulic 
power, easily available, for the purposes of the town, and this 
circumstance has retarded the improvement of the more import- 



32 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

ant St. Joseph. Recently, however, attention has centered upon 
this latter power, and a substantial company has been formed for 
the purpose of bringing it into use. From the west end of the 
town, for over half a mile, the river has such a decided fall as to 
give the current almost the character of rapids. Here, at a 
convenient point, the company have purchased a tract of land 
admirably adapted to the purpose, and are now actively engaged 
in preparing to build a dam and races. The dam will be 
very substantial, some three hundred feet long, and giving a 
head and fall of about eight feet. The main race will be one 
hundred and fifty feet wide and over one-third of a mile in length. 
It can be made with very little excavation, by following a 
depression seemingly intended by nature for the purpose. On 
either side of this main race are splendid sites for erecting mills, 
with good facilities for tail races and other conveniences. In a 
word, there seems to be almost no limit to the facilities and 
power. Near by are plenty of stone, and on the company's 
property is now standing abundant timber for all purposes of the 
improvement. The gentlemen who are engaged in the project 
are entirely in earnest, and early next year a new field for enter- 
prising manufacturers will be fully opened. The town has now 
a population of nearly eight Hundred, and there is good reason for 
believing that, before the census of 1870, it will be at least doubled. 
The Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Railroad runs 
through the southern part of the town, and good roads lead in 
almost every direction. 

Probably no person of discernment ever visited the village of 
Elkhakt without being impressed not only with the great beauty 
of the locality, but with its wonderful adaptation to purposes of 
business, and especially to manufacturing. The town is situated 
on a gentle declivity, bounded on the north by the St. Joseph 
river. The character of the formation, in connection with the 
dry, hard soil, gives excellent assurance of cleanliness and health- 
The streets are conveniently laid out, and improved with good 
taste. Through the easterly part of the town runs the Elkhart 
river. This is much the lowest portion, but seldom overflowed. 
In the great freshet of 1855, the Elkhart cut a new channel, east 
of the old and main one, through which it now discharges a 
portion of its water into the St. Joseph. This river aflfords a very 



ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 33 

desirable water power, which has been successfully, but only par- 
tially, improved. A flouring mill, a woolen factory, and some 
other machinery are located here. 

A bridge spans the St. Joseph at the foot of Main street. On 
the north side is found a large flouring mill and the paper mill of 
C. Beardsley, Esq. The machinery here is driven by water 
from Christian creek, a small stream which empties into the 
St. Joseph about half a mile above. The fall obtained from the 
Christian is twenty-four feet, and not over half the water is now 
in use. Here, on a high and commanding table of land, are found 
some of the finest building spots in the valley or in the West. 
B. L. Davenport, Esq., is now just completing a sj^lendid mansion 
here at a cost of over $25,000. It is undoubtedly the best private 
dwelling in Northern Indiana, and is a si3ecimen of fine taste and 
good workmanship. 

It is almost impossible to say which of the many water powers 
afforded by the St. Joseph is the best. They are all good, each 
possessing some advantages peculiar to itself. In this regard 
Elkhart certainly is not surj^assed by any other place, and it is 
entirely unaccountable how or why the citizens have left it so 
long unimproved. They seem, however, now to have suddenly 
opened their eyes to their own best interests, and are evidently in 
earnest. A short distance above, and nearly adjoining the town, 
nature has presented them with races nearly ready made to their 
hands, and with a power sufficient to turn all the machinery at 
present in the valley. The Elkhart Hydraulic Company are now 
engaged with a large force in fitting this site for manufacturing 
purposes. The river is here about one hundred yards wide, and a 
fine dam is to be thrown across. They are not prepared to say 
when their works will be completed, and we have no means of 
knowing what particular inducements they propose to hold out to 
those seeking business locations. It may be remarked, however, 
that, in anticipation of the benefits expected to flow from this and 
other improvements, Elkhart has taken a new start. Numerous 
buildings, both for business and residences, have recently been 
erected, and the population is rapidly increasing. In 1860 there 
were 1433 people here, and this number has probably been just 
about doubled in the past ! ^ ■> > years. 

Elkhart is an important ranroad point. Here the air and the 
old line of the Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana road join, 



34 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

it being by the former 133, and by the latter 142 miles to Toledo; 
The distance to Chicago is 100 miles. The only eating house 
u2:)on the line is located here. It is kept by Messrs. Patrick & 
Son, and is in great favor with the j)ublic. Its hotel accommoda- 
tions are complete. 

The freight received at and forwarded from Elkhart, for the 
twelve months ending February 28, 1867, was as follows: 

Received, 8,835,430 fts ; Revenue, $20,802.41 

Forwarded 17,662,403 " " 36,757.60 

Total, 26,497,832 " $57,560.01 

The number of passengers leaving, for the time above stated, 
was 26,063, and the earnings from this source were $30,905,30. 

There are two newspapers published here, viz. : The Elkhart 
Review and a religious paper called the Herald of Truth. 

GosHEisr is the county seat of Elkhart county. It is situated on 
the east bank of the Elkhart river, and about eighty rods from the 
lower point of Elkhart Prairie. This prairie is about five miles 
long by three miles in width, and is noted for the depth and rich- 
ness of its soil. The site of the town was formerly oak openings. 
In 1830 the county seat was located several miles below; but in 
1831 it was permanently fixed at Goshen. The land upon which 
the town stands was entered by the county, and the first lots were 
sold in the fall of 1831. William Bissell was the first permanent 
white settler. The first meeting house was built on Sixth street, 
in the spring of 1833. It belonged to the Methodist Society, and 
is still in existence, and used as a dwelling house. The first mill 
was built on Rock Run, about half a mile from the center of the 
town, by John Carpenter, in 1831. The court house, now standing 
and in good repair, was commenced in 1832 and completed in the 
following year. It was the first court house in Indiana north of 
the Wabash. 

In 1860 Goshen had 2,042 inhabitants; at the present time the 
number does not vary much from 3,200. The town is in a healthy 
condition, and increasing rapidly in wealth and importance. The 
Michigan Southern and Northern Indiana Air-line Railroad runs 
through the western part of Goshen. The freight received and 
forwarded by this road at and from Goshen, for the year ending 
February 28, 1867, was as follows: 



ELKHART COUNTY, INDIANA. 35 

Received, 5,688,594 fts ; Revenue $18,988.74 

Forwarded, 13,880,520 " " 29,738.51 



Total, 19,569,114 " " 148,727.25 

The mimber of passengers leaving, for the time stated, was 
15,443, from whom was derived a revenue of $18,418.95. Of the 
freight shipped, one item consisted of about one million feet of 
black walnut lumber, nearly one-half of which was forwarded by- 
one concern. Hawks Bros. All this and much more ought to 
have been manufactured at home. The time is near at hand when 
such a waste of raw material wUl not be suffered. 

The Elkhart river, at Goshen, affords excellent and abundant 
water power. The Mechanical and Manufacturing Company are 
now improving this j)ower to its utmost capacity. A substantial 
dam, two hundred and fifty feet long, one mile above town, will 
cause nearly the whole of the river to flow through a splendid 
canal, sixty feet wide at the bottom, and one and a half miles in 
length. A fall of twenty feet is thus obtained, and many excellent 
mill sites with plenty of room secured. John W. Erwin, Esq., the 
engineer of the works, estimates the whole hydraulic power thus 
made available, to be sufficient for one hundred and fifty runs of 
stones. In point of durability, security and cheapness, this power 
is unsurpassed. The gentlemen actively engaged in the work are 
exhibiting a spirit and liberality which might well be imitated at 
some other localities. They know that talk will not build a dam, 
and hence they are investing about $100,000 ; they know also that 
in order to draw labor and capital from abroad, they must make 
known the attractions which they offer; therefore they advertise. 
Their engagements will all be kept ; they have not yet learned the 
art of repudiation. 

Goshen is substantially built, and, especially on the high ground 
toward its northern limits, presents some very beautiful sites for 
private residences. The valuation of property for taxable pur- 
poses, in 1866, was $715,847. It has two public schools ; seven 
churches ; two banks ; three hotels ; one flouring mill ; three 
agricultural implement factories ; one woolen factory ; one planing 
mill and spoke factory ; four wagon shops and one tannery. The 
Democrat and the Times are the papers published here, both of 
them respectable in size, handsomely printed and ably conducted. 



36 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

MiDDLEBURY is Situated in a township bearing the same name, 
some five miles nearly south of the railroad. The Little Elkhart 
runs near by the town, and furnishes power for a flouring mill at 
no great distance. The situation is delightful. It is in the center 
of a rich and highly cultivated country, and enjoys quite a large 
trade. It is rural in its aspect in every particular. A railroad 
connection, now contemplated, is only required to render it a very 
desirable place for business or residence. The number of inhabit- 
ants is about five hundred. 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 



The face of St. Joseph County, Indiana, is handsomely diver- 
sified, and is in every respect well adapted to all kinds of agri- 
cultural industry. The soil may be divided into four kinds, viz. : 
the light, sandy soil of the original oak openings, or barrens ; the 
black, sandy loam of the thick woods; the deep, vegetable mold 
of the prairies ; and the natural meadows or marshes. The 
former of these is quick, easily tilled, and is highly prized for the 
culture of fruit and for horticultm-al and gardening purposes. It 
readily responds to the application of fertilizers and to all the 
appliances of good husbandry. It is no more easily affected by 
drouth than the prairie or the thick woods ; and seldom suffers 
from excessive rains. The little labor and expense required to 
bring it from a state of nature under cultivation, secured for it 
the favorable notice of the early settlers of the county; and 
many of the first and best farms are located upon it. The densely 
wooded sections of the county, or as those localities are techni- 
cally called, the "thick woods," present a soil noted for its 
strength, certainty and durability. The original growth of the 
timber upon these lands has been the marvel of all observers ; 
and it has never failed to be a token of the great producing capa- 
bilities of the soil when cultivated in the ordinary crops of the 
farm. 

The prairies are Terre Coupee, Greene's, Portage, Harris and 
Sumption's. Terre Coupee is much the largest, being about nine 
miles long and an average of three in width. It is quite level and 
exceedingly fertile. The others are more rolling ; but none of 



38 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

them diifer essentially from the ordinary prairies of the "West, 
excepting, perhaps, in the high state of cultivation to which care- 
ful management has brought them. The marshes are quite numer- 
ours, but none of them of much magnitude, except the celebrated 
Kankakee, which commences two miles from the St. Joseph river, 
near South Bend. It is but a few years since these lands began 
to be prized at something near their real value. At present, how- 
ever, under a proper system of drainage, they have become very 
desirable. In many localities the coarse marsh grass and useless 
weeds have given way to fields cultivated in wheat, corn or other 
crops, or to j)asture, or meadow lands thickly set in timothy or 
blue grass. The Kankakee marsh, or perhaps more properly, the 
Valley of the Kankakee, in particular, presents a remarkable 
illustration of the benefits of judicious drainage. Here, on four 
square miles of land, or about two thousand five hundred acres, 
there has been constructed over twenty miles of ditch, averaging 
eight feet in width by four feet in depth. These ditches have an 
average fall of about four feet to the mile. Three-quarters of this 
drainage is through the outlet of the Kankakee lake into the St. 
Joseph river, some two miles distant and more than forty feet 
below the surface of the lake and the surrounding country. 
Along here is the dividing line between the waters flowing into 
the St. Lawrence on the one hand and into the Gulf of Mexico on 
the other. Indeed, so equal is the poise here, that it is frequently 
impossible to tell in which direction the water is inclined to run 
when unobstructed or unassisted by art. Some years ago, it is 
said, the outlet of the Kankakee lake was by the way of the river 
of that name towards the south-west; and old Government maps 
make the head of the river in the lake. It is also asserted, uj)ou 
what seems to be abundant evidence, that by the breaking away 
of an old beaver dam, the waters of the lake were diverted to the 
St. Joseph and the lakes. 

The Kankakee river is a very sluggish, crooked stream, but 
susceptible of being deepened, widened and straightened at a 
comparatively small expense. This done, as it doubtless will be, 
at no distant day, and the system of drainage, now commenced, 
properly extended, and at least twenty thousand acres of land in 
this county will be reclaimed and made productive for all liurj^oses 
of hiisbandry. Even now, with slight improvements, these 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 39 

natural meadows are capable of being used to great advantage 
for dairy purposes. The richness of the herbage; the entire 
exemption from the vicissitudes of drouth ; the moderate climate ; 
access to abundant and good water ; the low price at which the 
lands can be purchased and a certainty of a constant increase in 
their value offer inducements to enterprising dairymen and stock 
raisers seldom met with elsewhere. If western bound emigrants 
would give this section an examination they could scarcely fail to 
choose homesteads and sure fortunes in the midst of an old and 
desireable country rather than undergo the discomforts, dangers 
and even want, incident to a settlement in the far oif wilds, in the 
regions of sundown. 

A gentleman well acquainted with the dairy business of 
Herkimer county, New York, and with that portion of the Wes- 
tern Reserve, Ohio, known as Cheesedom, among other figures 
gives us the following estimate of the profits of a dairy farm on 
these lands : 

" One hundred and sixty acres of land will keep fifty cows. 
The land would cost about 115.00 per acre. 

160 acres of land, at $15.00 per acre, is $2,400 

50 cows, at $40.00 each 2,000 

Buildings, fencing, etc., 1,000 

Total outlay $5,400 

The net profit for each cow per year has been proved to be not 
less than $70.00. Then say, 

50 cows, first year at f 70.00, is ^3,500 

50 " second year, at $70.00, is 3,500 

Total $7,000 

So that, if a man borrow money to begin with, in two years he 
could pay it all up and have left as follows : 

Cash on hand $1,600 

Cows and improvements 3,000 

Land, doubled in value 4,800 

Total $9,400 

Which last amount represents the clear profit for two years." 



40 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

It is easy to double or quadruple this transaction with propor- 
tionately increased results. These figures show, at least, that the 
enterprising dairyman can find an almost unequaled field of labor 
on the Kankakee. But the value of the Kankakee lands is by no 
means measured by their adaptation to agricultural uses. It has 
been demonstrated beyond the shadow of a doubt, that they are 
overlaid with inexhaustible beds of the best peat in the world ! 
Here is an exemplification of that wonderful principle of compen- 
sation which seems to govern in the economy of nature. Immense 
praii'ies present to the eye neither tree nor shrub ; the forests of 
the West have been for years undei-going a process of exhaustion ; 
the extraordinary requirements of a new country and the demands 
of commerce, coupled with an almost inexcusable waste, have 
already occasioned reasonable fears that the time was approach- 
ing, in this section of the country, when even fuel would be an 
expensive luxury. Within the jDast ten or twelve years firewood 
has risen in our market more than two hundred per cent, in value, 
and even at the present prices, the consumption by our railroads 
and the rapidly increasing manufactories as well as the require- 
ments for ordinary domestic purposes, have increased these 
apprehensions. No coal fields are known to be accessible within 
a reasonable distance. But now all fears are ended. The valley 
of the Kankakee is ascertained to be a mine of useful wealth and 
capable of furnishing an inexhaustible supply of fuel at low prices. 
The following from LeaviWs Peat Journal is interesting in this 
connection : 

" There is one peat-bog in Indiana over sixty miles long, with 
an average width of three miles, extending from South Bend to 
the Illinois line, along both sides of the Kankakee river. It is 
possible, at small expense, to lower the bed of this river below 
the marsh, so as to drain the peat ten or fifteen feet deep. In 
places it is known to be over forty feet deep. The amount of fuel 
in this bog is perfectly incalculable, or rather incompi-ehensible, 
to any ordinary class of minds. South of the Kankakee, the peat- 
bogs between there and the Wabash are simply immense, and 
they are traversed by three railroads. 

" The only objection we ever heard to the prairie-marsh peat is 
that it is generally too light, porous, spongy ; too much of it 
undecomposed fibre of coarse grass and weeds to make good fuel 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 41 

when dried. That objection is all obviated in just such peat when 
worked in a condensing machine. 

Numerous tests have been made with this class of peat from all 
the extreme Northwestern States, which prove that it is highly 
combustible, and leaves a very small per cent, of ash. It is the 
very material needed in all the prairie towns to make gas ; for 
that it is excellent." 

It might also have been observed that the northern portion of 
these peat deposits can be easily drained by cutting a channel 
into the St. Joseph river at South Bend. Indeed, nearly thirty 
years ago the late Alexis Coquillard constructed a mill race from 
the Kankakee river to the St. Joseph, and obtained a sufficient 
supply of water for two flouring mills and a saw mill, with over 
forty feet fall. When the dam was thrown across the river at 
South Bend, these mills were suffered to go into disuse, and finally 
to decay. For many years they have been out of existence or 
used for other purposes, and the race is now out of repair and in 
some places entirely filled up. 

Iron ore has been found in some parts of the county in such 
quantities as to afibrd hopes of a permanent supply; but it has 
already been exhausted and the smelting furnaces discontiuued. 

A good quality of brick clay is sufficiently abundant and conve- 
niently distributed. Both red and yellow brick are made, the 
latter of a color and quality closely resembling, and not' at all 
inferior to the celebrated Milwaukee brick. 

Rich marl deposits are found in many places on the margin and 
at the bottom of lakes and ponds. The marl is not only valuable 
as a fertilizer, but is manufactured to some extent into a fair 
article of lime. It is also said that quite extensive beds of silica 
of a very fine quality have been discovered. If this be the case, 
two important ingredients in the composition of glass are ready 
to the hand of the manufacturer. 

The county is well watered by fine springs, clear running 
streams and several ponds and lakes, and at almost every point the 
best of water is found by sinking wells from fifteen to twenty-five 
feet. 

The common school system of Indiana is by no means satisfac- 
tory to the friends of popular education. It has undergone im- 
provements, fx'om time to time, and a spirit seems to be abroad 
4 



42 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

■which will undoubtedly soon ripen into a determination to place 
the State among the foremost in this regard. In some of the 
Germanic powers, we are told that education is not only entirely 
free, but that it is made obligatoiy upon parents to send their 
children to school, until a certain age, and that grave disabilities 
attach to the neglect of the advantages so generously provided. 
Probably a system of coercion and disabilities is too despotic 
ever to be adopted under our mild form of government, and that 
the end sought can be better attained by the stimulas of competi- 
tive rewards and popular approbation. However this may be, it 
is a proposition too plain to admit of serious argument that air and 
education should be equally pure and free to every minor of suffi- 
cient age in the State. No matter of what color, clime, condi- 
tion or sex, all should receive this earnest of the paternal care of 
a commonwealth, whose honor, power and value can best be 
preserved and perpetuated by the virtue and intelligence of the 
ever-rising generation. There are many good common school 
houses in the county, but as a general thing, the advantages they 
afford are entirely too intermittent, and in many cases may be 
said to be almost remittant. The common school should be the 
best school. It should be the poor man's college and the rich 
man's pride. Instead of being a convenient j^lace for the occa- 
sional restraint of unruly urchins, or an infirmaiy for pig-headed 
pedagogues, it should be the fountain of popular intelligence, the 
index of our civilization and the glory of our State. 

The public roads are generally good, but they still offer a wide 
margin for improvement. There was never but one plank road 
built within the bounds of the county, except a short one over 
Grapevine marsh, and that one has differed from other roads only 
in being much the worst and in the imposition of an exorbitant 
tax or toll for the privilege of being jolted over an impracticable 
causeway of decayed and broken plank. Some persons have been 
guilty of the technical ingratitude of " running" it, and have 
been subjected to suits at law in consequence ; few, however, 
have been so hopelessly insane as to attempt to run upon it. In 
the summer of 1832, the Great Michigan road, as it was and is 
still called, was cut through the county. This road reaches from 
Madison, on the Ohio river, to Michigan City, on lake Michigan, 
a distance of two hundred and fifty-eight miles. About the same 



K..' 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 43 

time the Vistula road, running from Toledo (then Vistula) to 
South Bend, was put in traveling condition. The advent of these 
two great thoroughfares caused great rejoicing, and subsequently 
proved highly advantageous in the settlement of the county. 
They bore about the same relation to the ordinary facilities for 
locomotion in those days, that the first class railroad of to-day 
does to them. In May, 1832, the State road from Fort Wayne by 
the way of Goshen, to South Bend, was surveyed by George 
Crawford, under the directions of ]Srathan Coleman, James Blair 
and Samuel Martin, commissioners. The distance between the 
termini is seventy-six miles. The distance in this county is ten 
miles. In the same month a State road, starting at a point where 
the Michigan i*oad crosses Yellow Creek, by the way of Laporte 
to the mouth of Trail Creek, was lUid out by A. Burnside, com- 
missioner. Fifteen miles of this road were in the then county of 
St. Joseph. In 1834, the State road through Sumption's prairie 
to the west line of the State, was located. Mean time various 
county roads were laid out connecting many already thriving 
settlements with the county seat. 

Ferries were also established across the St. Joseph at South 
Bend. The first ferry license was granted to N. B. Grifleth, in 
September, 1831. It was located at the foot of Water street, 
where the bridge now stands ; and Mr. Grifieth was " required to 
keep a good and sufiicient flat or boat, to convey conveniently over 
said river two horses and a wagon at one time." In January, 1835, 
another ferry was established at the footof Market street, and license 
granted to Alexis Coquillard, who was "required to furnish a 
boat for said ferry to be at least forty-five feet long by twelve 
wide." The license fee for a ferry in those days was two dollars 
per annum. The Circuit Court records for 1833 show that Mr. 
Coquillard was endeavoring, by a suit at law, to abate the com- 
peting efibrts of Mr. Griffeth. The records also show the suit to 
have been a failure. 

The act for the formation of St. Joseph and Elkhart counties, 
approved Januai*y 29, 1830, bounds St. Joseph county as follows : 
"Beginning at range number two west from the second principal me- 
ridian of the State of Indiana on the northern line of the State ; 
thence running east to where range number three east intersects the 



44 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

Stcate line ; thence south with the range line thirty miles ; thence 
west to range two west ; thence north to the place of beginning," 

Thomas J. Evans and Gillis McBane of Cass county, Daniel 
Worth of Randolph county, John Berry of Madison county, and 
John Ross of Fayette county, were appointed commissioners to 
locate the seat of justice. 

Section seven provides " that all the territory lying west of said 
county, to the State line be and the same is hereby attached to the 
said county of St. Joseph, for civil and criminal jurisdiction ; and 
the citizens residing within the bounds so included, shall be 
entitled to all the jDrivileges and immunities, and be subject to all 
the taxes, impositions and assessments of the citizens of St. 
Joseph." 

The bounds of the county have since been somewhat cii'cum- 
scribed, a part going into the composition of Marshall, and a part 
now belonging to Laporte county. The original south line fell a 
little below the town of Plymouth. 

The county is now bounded north by the State of Michigan, 
east by Elkhart county, south by Marshall county and west by 
Laporte county. It was organized the 27th of August, 1830. On 
that day, in pursuance of the act of the General Assembly, Adam 
Smith, Lambert McComb and Levi F. Arnold met at the house of 
Alexis Coquillard and having each presented his commission, as a 
justice of the peace, from James B. Ray, Governor of the State, 
took the oath of office before L. M. Taylor, clerk of the county. 
They then proceeded to elect Lambert McComb president of the 
board, and St. Joseph county had a legal existence. The first 
order of the board appointed John D. Lasly county treasurer. 
Samuel Hanna & Co. and the American Fur Company were each 
ordered to pay into the county treasury the sum of ten dollars for 
a license to sell foreign merchandise. Panels of grand and petit 
jurors were draAvn to serve at the term of the circuit court to be 
held in the following November. It is, however, a matter of 
doubt whether this court was ever held. Mr. Thomas L. Cotterell, 
now living at South Bend and who was then sheriff, has an indistinct 
recollection that it was. He thinks at least one of the county 
judges was present, that court was duly opened in the woods near 
the bank of the river, below Water street, and immediately 
adjourned. Other j)ersons remember to have been present at 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA, 45 

some time, about that date, when a court was held by county 
judges ; but the first court of which there is any record and at 
which there was a presiding judge, was held at South Bend, on 
the 29th day of October, 1832, by Hon. John R. Porter, presi- 
dent judge of the first judicial circuit, to which the county was 
then attached. It lasted but for one day, and was held in the 
bar room of Calvin Lilley's hotel, tVen standing on Michigan 
street, on the lot now occupied by Mes^-s. Russ & Ireland. The 
old building is now in existence and is used by Studebeker Bros, 
on JeflTerson street, as a ware room. Daniel A. Fullerton was 
sheriff, and Lathrop M. Taylor clerk. Jonathan A. Listen, Elisha 
Egbert, A. Ingram, Thomas B. Brown, William M. Jenners and 
C. K. Green were admitted to practice at the bar. The first case 
recorded in the order book seems to be an illustration of the lines 
of the poet — 

" 'Twas the ominous month of October, 
How the memories rise in my soul ! 
How they swell like a sea, in my soul ! " 

It was Redding vs. Redding — petition for a divorce, and was the 
pioneer case of other thousands which have come after it, bringing 
an immensity of happiness in their train ! An order was made to 
publish notice of the pendency of the suit in the St. Joseph Beacon. 
It is pleasant to be able to state that at the next term of the court, 
Mr. Redding got a bill of divorce from Mrs. Redding, in considera- 
tion of which he was ordered to pay the cost of suit in sixty days, 
or stand the hazard of an attachment. The third case presents 
Elisha Egbert against Jacob Hardman, in "case for libel." The 
plaintiff was sent out of court for want of a declaration, and J. 
A. Listen, attorney for defendant, says : " Received my docket 
fee." The first criminal case shows Sarah McLelland as respond- 
ent, and the lady being interrogated as to how she would acquit 
herself of the charge of selling spiritous liquors to the Indians, 
owned up to the " soft impeachment," and paid five dollars for her 
indiscretion. 

The record of the term closes with the following entry: 
" The grand jury empanneled to enquire into the body of St. 
Joseph county, do report, that they have examined the jail of said 
county, and do find in said jail one prisoner; and farther do find 



46 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

said jail insufficient and uncomfortable. George Holloway, Fore- 
man." Since then the judges for the judicial circuit to which St. 
Joseph has been attached, have been Gustavus A. Everts, Samuel 
C, Sample, Ebenezer G. Chamberlain, Thomas S. Stanfield and 
Andrew G. Osborn, the latter being the present incumbent. Judges 
Sample and Chamberlain are deceased. 

The first conviction for a felony was at a special term of the 
circuit court, held January 1, 1835, when Alexis Provoncelle was 
found guilty of burglary, and sent to State prison for three years. 
This Provoncelle seems to have been a troublesome fellow, for at 
the November term of the commissioner's court, in 1834, Adam 
G. Polk was allowed seven dollars for arresting and bringing him 
from Laporte, and Jennings & Bailey two dollars for " making 
and repairing handcuffs and fetters for Provoncelle." 

The county contains four hundred and sixty-three square miles, 
or two hundred and ninety-five thousand three hundred and 
twenty acres of land, about two-thirds of which is under improve- 
ment. It is divided into thirteen townships, the population of 
which in 1860, was as follows : 

Portage 4,374 

Penn 3,752 

German 786 

Warren 734 

Olive , 1,450 

Liberty and Lincoln 1,756 

Green 960 

Center 725 

Union 1,461 

Harris 349 

Clay 914 

Madison 1,156 

Total for county 18,411 

The rate of increase from 1840 to 1860, was for each decade, 
eighty-four per cent. Taking that as the basis of calculation 
since 1860, and the population now should be 29,305, and the 
census of 1870 should show a total of 33,957. These figures are 
probably very nearly correct. 

There are twelve cities and villages in the county, viz : South 
Bend, Mishawaka, New Carlisle, Plainfield, Terre Coupee, 



ST, JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 47 

"Weesaw, North Liberty, Walkerton, "West Troy, Oceola, Lake- 
ville and Woodland. It is, perhaps, safe to say that some of them 
are not very large: but the aggregated testimony of citizens from 
each is to the effect that all are likely to become imj)ortant towns. 

The first steamboat arrived at South Bend in the spring of 1834. 
She was propelled by a stern wheel, and was called the Matilda 
Barney. She was hailed with great rejoicings and her advent 
celebrated with numerous and full-sized libations of red-eye and 
tangle-leg decoctions. 

By an act of the General Assembly of the State, approved 
January 19th, 1831, the boards of the justices of the peace, in 
whom the government of counties had previously been vested, 
were abolished, and the election of three commissioners in each 
county provided for. An election was accordingly held in the 
summer of 1831, and Aaron Staunton, David Miller and Joseph 
Korer were chosen as commissioners for St. Joseph county. On 
the 5th of September, the latter two met at the house of Alexis 
Coquillard, and proceeded to transact county business. Mr. 
Staunton took his seat the following day. 

In May, 1830, the commissioners appointed by the General 
Assembly met, and located the county seat on the " McCartney 
Farm," then owned by William Brookfield, about two miles below 
South Bend. The recorded plot, done in very pretty water colors, 
announced itself to be " a correct diagram of the county seat 
called St. Joseph." Each of the Commissioners was honored by 
having his name given to a street — an honor which, however 
brilliant in anticipation, has only been realized in successive crops 
of corn, cabbages and other vegetables, which form the staple 
productions of the once hopeful county town and embryo city. 
The town plot of St. Joseph has never been vacated. Its public 
squares, its corner lots and its magnificent " Broadway," one 
hundred and twenty-three feet wide, and three-quarters of a mile 
long, remain to-day very much as the hand of nature left them, 
illustrating, in their solitude, the moral that 

" The best laid schemes o' mice an' men 
Gang aft agley." 

Absolom Holcomb, William M. Hood, Chester Sage and John 
Jackson, having been appointed by the General Assembly com- 



48 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

missioners to re-locate the county seat, met on the 12tli day of 
May, 1831, and were of opinion that the public interest required 
its removal to South Bend, where they accordingly established it. 

February 7th, 1832, Peter Johnson entered into a contract with 
the county, to build and enclose a court house, for |3,000. The 
building was accepted by the commissioners in September of the 
following year. It was not, however, completed until the summer 
of 1837. In 1854 it was taken down to make way for the present 
beautiful structure which adorns the city of South Bend. 

The first probate court was held at the house of Calvin Lilly, 
by John Banker and Chapel W. Brown, associate judges, on the 
5th day of January, 1832. The following February James P. 
Antrim, the first probate judge, appeared and took his seat. 

The duplicate for 1840 shows the tax levy to be $3,038.89. The 
population that year was 6,425. In 1866 the levy was $92,136.25, 
and the population about 28,000. In the latter year the valuation 
of property for taxable purposes was 

Eeal Estate, $4,923,305 

Personal Property, 2,750,300 

Total, $7,673,605 

The true valuation of the property of the county would, how- 
ever, show an amount more than double the above ; probably not 
less than $18,000,000. It will, therefore, be seen that the taxes 
are but little more than nominal. 

In the winter of 1845 a community, suggested, probably, by the 
system of economics elaborated by the French philosopher, 
Charles Fourier, was established oh the "McCartney Farm," 
before mentioned, and about two miles below South Bend. It 
was a joint stock company, incorj^orated by the name of the 
"Philadelphia Industrial Association." Its objects were econom- 
ical and social. Its operations continued about two years. Hon. 
Wm. C. Talcott, of Valparaiso, Indiana, favors us with the 
following reminiscences in relation to it: 

" I think old Mr. McCartney was the first president, and I was 
secretary, during almost its entire existence. It was chiefly 
through my influence that the association was formed and 
managed. There were, probably, more than a hundred persons. 



ST. JOSEPH COUKTY, INDIANA. 49 

old and young, connected with us, from first to last ; but I should 
not think more than about seventy living on the premises at once. 
During a part of the time they ate at a common table. * * * 
The main cause of their dissolution, I have- ever believed, was 
that Mr. McCartney violated his promise to invest his whole tract 
of land ; and after we were fully organized and on the ground 
ready to receive the title and use the land, he withheld all of the 
valuable and available portion, and turned us ofi" with the broken, 
marshy land, lying between the road and the river, at twenty 
dollars per acre, the appraised price of the entire tract." 

The cause of the failure, " in a nut shell," was probably this : 
McCartney, with his natural shrewdness, if that is the proper 
term, encouraged and co-operated with the association for the 
purpose of getting his land cleared up and improved for nothing. 
He succeeded, but the association did not. 

The early history of St. Joseph county was, according to the 
relation of the old settlers who now survive, checkered by those 
vicissitudes common to the settlement of all new countries. 
There was little capital and less conveniences. Roads were few 
and far between. Schools, churches and other appliances and 
promoters of civilization were rare, yet highly prized and eagerly 
sought. Fevers of untold types and multifarious phases swelled 
the aggregate of miseries and brought many a robust settler to 
an early grave. Indians and doctors were almost equally 
abundant ; and even lawyers, not in pairs, but in packs, came 
poking their angular faces into the most promising settlements of 
this incipient Eden. Speculators swarmed in land oflBces, made 
paper towns, " played out," and left wiser and poorer if not better 
than they came. To illustrate something of this we give a brief 
outline of the adventui-es and misadventures of one or two of the 
early settlers of this county. The pictures, with slight variation, 
will find a counterpart in every section of the country. 

Abraham R. Harper left his old home in Myerstown, Lebanon 
county, Pennsylvania, October 1, 1835, to seek a location in the 
new country. He took the stage for Pittsburgh, and from there, 
on the new steamer Pocahontas, went to Natchez. Bound for 
Natchetoches, he remained at the mouth of Red river, waiting for 
a boat, six days. The hotel he staid at was fifteen by twenty feet, 
and set on blocks six feet high to keep it out of the water. About 



50 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

fifteen Indians were in the attic and some five hundred negroes 
outside, all waiting to go up the river. Here, for the first time he 
saw the beauties of the "peculiar institution," and took his first 
degree in anti-slavery doctrine. He landed at Natchetoches 
Sunday afternoon, and saw about five hundred gamblers hard at 
work at their usual vocation. There he staid a week, in which 
time two men were murdered and many more robbed. He then 
went, via New Orleans, to St. Louis, thence to Pittsburgh, and 
again over the mountains by stage, arriving at home about the 
middle of January, 1836. He started a second time, about the 
first of April, in company with some fifteen other voyagers, by 
stage to Pittsburgh. Thence, by steamer, the party went to 
St. Louis. All took deck passage, and some being short of money 
helped wood to pay part of their expenses. From St. Louis they 
came by steamer to Beardstown, and thence walked to Peoria, 
from which latter place Mr. Harper came, via Chicago, by stage 
to South Bend, where he arrived about the first of May. Here he 
decided to settle, and immediately ordered $10,000 worth of goods 
from Philadelphia. The goods were shipped on board the barge 
Detroit from Buflfalo, the first of June, and this was the last he 
heard from them until the last of September. Going in pursuit of 
his goods, Mr. Harper stopped a few days at Michigan City, and 
then walked to Chicago, on the beach of the lake. Just as he 
arrived at Chicago his goods came in, and in six days he got them 
shipped on the schooner Sea Serpent and sailed for Michigan City. 
Before he had been out two hours a terrible storm came on, and 
the vessel made for St. Joseph, where it finally arrived in safety. 
In two days thereafter they made sail again for Michigan City, 
where they soon arrived, the weather being fine ; but in half an 
hour after landing, another storm commenced, and drove all the 
vessels in that port ashore. In the morning he found the vessel 
containing his goods beached and all the crew gone. He took 
charge of the craft himself, and got out all his dry goods. That 
night another storm drove the vessel into the mouth of Trail 
creek, and all the groceries were lost. He had the damages 
assessed, and commenced drying the goods on the sand hills. By 
the time that labor was completed, another shipment of about the 
value of 110,000 arrived, and he sent the whole, by teams, to 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 61 

South Bend, where he commenced business about the first of 
November, 1836, five months after his first shipment from Buflfalo. 

On the morning of July 4th, 1836, while waiting for his goods, 
Mr. H. started on foot for Lafayette. By three o'clock he was at 
Judge Polk's house on the Tippecanoe river. Next morniitg he 
took breakfast at Logansport, and beat the stage into Lafayette. 
He was on a business tour, taking orders for goods, and this is a 
specimen of " drumming " in those days. Some things have 
changed since then. 

The reign of wild cat money was in 1836-7. The "sickly 
season" was 1838. The crops failed in 1839, and in 1840 was the 
great panic, at which time Harper, Smith & Co. had over $40,000 
standing out, which was probably more than twice as much as all 
the money in the county. Mr. H. moved back to Pennsylvania 
some twelve years ago. 

John H. Harper left Hanover, Lebanon coimty, Pa., on the first 
day of May, 1837, and, traveling with his own conveyance, arrived 
at South Bend in twenty-three days. The journey can now be 
made in twenty-four hours. He was one of the fourth generation 
of the same name who had lived on the same place, known as 
"Harper's Place," for one hundred and forty years. He was one 
of the firm of Harper, Smith & Co., and was intimately connected 
with many of the early improvements of the county. He has been 
much in public life, and still resides at South Bend, an honored 
citizen and a genial gentleman. 

Such was life in those days, and such are some of the incidents 
of the past generation, in St. Joseph county. We have undertaken 
to present only gleanings — "here a little, and there a little" — a mere 
skeleton of what ought to be written. Some may gain a few 
moment's satisfaction from the perusal — others may skip it if they 
please. 

MisHAWAKA. — In July, 1833, A. M. Hurd laid out and platted 
the village of " St. Joseph Iron Works," about four miles above 
South Bend, on the south bank of the St. Joseph river. On the 
first day of January, 1835, an election was held, and the following 
village trustees were elected, viz. : James White, John J. Deming, 
Samuel Stancliff, Henry DeCamp and Alexander Sanderlands. 
This was the first village organization in the county. 



52 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

In June, 1836, Joseph Bartell, James R. Lawrence and Grove 
Lawrence laid out the town of " Indiana City," situated on the 
north side of the river, opposite St. Joseph Iron Works. The 
plat of this town shows a race of extraordinary length, but, like a 
line !n mathematics, it had length without breadth or thickness — 
it was never excavated. At what time or under what circum- 
stances these two towns became incorporated under the present 
name of Mishawaka, is a matter upon which " commentators do 
not agree." The fact is, however, undisputed that all the territory 
embraced in them, and much more, is now comprised within the 
beautiful town of Mishawaka. Mr. Merrifield, in his excellent 
reminiscences, published several years ago, says that " Mr. 
Terrington, the intelligent clerk of Mr. Hurd, had sufficient taste 
to appreciate the superior beauty and adaptation of the Indian 
name; and when, the next year, an effoi't was made to get a post 
office established here, it was at his suggestion that it was called 
Mishawaka. By an amendment of the act of incorporation, this 
afterwards became the legal name of the town." This may account 
for the change of name of St. Joseph Iron Works, but how came 
Indiana City combined with it ? 

The Indian word Mishawaka is said to signify " swift water ;" 
but by some it is said to mean " thick-woods rapids." Either 
interpretation would be descriptive of the location. 

The town is situated on both banks of the St. Joseph, within 
about a mile of the most southern point of that river. The site is 
one of very great natural beauty, and art and taste have added 
largely to its original loveliness. On the south side there is a 
gentle upward slope from the river bank, far off beyond the limits 
of the town. Here, embowered beneath a profusion of natural 
and cultivated trees, shrubbery and flowers, is built the main 
portion of Mishawaka. On the opposite side the banks are more 
precipitous, forming a high table of land, seemingly designed by 
nature for its present uses. 

In 1833, A. M. Hurd commenced building a blast furnace, which 
was completed and put in successful operation the following year. 
The population at the end of 1833 was about one hundred. There 
was no ferry, but there was an excellent ford near where the dam 
is now located. 

On the 22d day of January, 1835 the "St. Joseph Iron Com- 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 53 

pany was incorporated, and immediately began building a dam 
across the river, which was completed in the summer of 1836. 
This was the first dam ever built across the St, Joseph, and it 
stands to-day as solid and firm as at the moment of its completion, 
a monument to the sagacity and ability of its builders. A. M. 
Hurd, John J. Deming and John H. Orr were the corporators and 
active men in this company. Judge Deming was born in Vermont, 
had been a school teacher, possessed a good, cultivated and 
refined intellect, and contributed largely to the social advance- 
ment of the town. He died several years ago in California. Mr. 
Orr was an Englishman, educated and capable, and just such a 
man as any place ought to be proud of He now lives in Cleve- 
land, Ohio. Mr. Hurd was originally from New York, lived some 
time at Detroit, and was an excellent business man and a good 
citizen. He still survives. The St. Joseph Iron Company con- 
tinued to operate their blast furnaces until 1856, when the supply 
of ore failed. They also established a foundry, and put in opera- 
tion other machinery, which has been of incalculable benefit to the 
place. They still own a large share of the hydraulic power, and 
are also engaged in trading and manufacturing on a very liberal 
scale. It is now controlled by John Niles, Esq., his son Henry 
G. Niles, Oliver T. Niles, and Allan Sisson. 

The hydraulic power at this place is unsurpassed at any point 
on the river, and the facilities for erecting mills are most excellent. 
The town is situated upon the Michigan Southern and Northern 
Indiana Railroad, and is easily accessible from east or west. The 
Peninsular road, from Port Huron to Chicago, will soon pass 
through the town. The surrounding country is one of extraordi- 
nary fertility, and the healthfulness of the place is undisputed. 
The St. Joseph Iron Company have still a large amount of power 
to dispose of at reasonable rates and on easy terms. 

In early times there was great rivalry between Mishawaka and 
South Bend. They were less than four miles apart, and the 
advantages which they offered differed very slightly, except that 
the latter had the honor of being the county seat. The bitterness 
of those days has, however, subsided, and it is now seen that the 
interests of the two places are identicah Before many years the 
thriving borders of the two towns will meet, and it is not at all 
improbable that, in the course of time, they will be joined in one 



64 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

municipality. Already a street railroad is contemplated between 
the two places. 

Not only was the first dam across the St. Joseph built at Misha- 
waka, but, if we except the territorial ones at Mottville and 
Bertrand, the first bridge, also. As early as 1837 the enterprising 
citizens, by subscription, erected a substantial structure across the 
river, which has since given way to the present one. Many years 
ago the steamboat Diamond was wrecked by running against a 
pier of this bridge, and one life was lost. Perhaps the cylinder of 
the engine of this boat was the one made classic by Hon. H. H. 
Riley, in his Puddleford Papers. At the close of 1837 the popu- 
lation had reached about one thousand. 

In 1839 the first flouring mill was erected, with two runs of 
stones. In 1842 there were six runs of stones in operation, with a 
daily capacity of two hundred barrels of flour. Now there are 
thi-ee mills with fourteen runs of stone, and a daily capacity of 
over five hundred barrels of flour. They are as follows : 

Mishawaka Mills, A. B. Judson & Co 5 runs of stones. 

Ripple Mills, A. Cass & Co 5 " " 

St. Joseph Mills, Kuhn & Brother 4 " 

The quality of flour made at these mills is most excellent, stand- 
ing at all times at the very top of the market. In 1865, 30,436 
barrels of flour were shipped east by railroad from Mishawaka. 
A very large quantity also went west. 

The freight received and forwarded at and from Mishawaka, for 
the year ending February 28, 1867, by railroad, was as follows : 

Received, 7,318,503 lbs ; Revenue, $15,675.57 

Forwarded, 10,518,459 " " 23,587.22 

No. passengers leaving 6,944 " 8,159.45 

Total earnings for the year $47,423.24 

The excess of outgoing over incoming freight is a circumstance 
which indicates a healthy industrial condition. 

The river at Mishawaka is about one hundred yards wide, and 
the fall over the dam is eight feet. The natural fall at these 
rapids, in a distance of but a few rods, has been ascertained by 
actual measurement to be two feet and nine inches. The race on 
the south side is about four hundred yards in length ; and the one 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 55 

on tlie north side over two hundred yards. On either side there 
is opportunity for an almost indefinite extension and there is at 
all times, an abundance of water for all conceivable purposes. 
Indeed, but a very small portion of this valuable power has, as 
yet, been appropriated. The manufactories are, however, gradu- 
ally and successfully increasing. There are now in operation 
three flouring mills, two saw mills, four wagon factories, four 
furniture factories, one agricultural implement factory, two ax and 
edge tool factories, one woolen factory, five barrel factories, one 
basket factory, and one sash, blind and door factory. The mam- 
moth wagon factory of Messrs. Geo. Milburn & Co., is worthy of 
particular notice. The products of this establishment are sold all 
the way from lake Erie to the Rio Grande. It gives employment 
to about one hundred hands, and the value of wagons, carriages, 
etc., turned out is nearly |150,000 per annum. Judson, Montgom- 
ery & Co. have here the largest furniture factory in the State of 
Indiana. The main building is forty by one hundred and eighty 
feet and three stories high. They have besides three large ware- 
houses. At present they give employment to seventy hands, and 
will soon increase the number to over one hundred. They use 
over a million and a half feet of lumber in a year and have con- 
stantly on hand and seasoning about two million feet. Last year 
they made over sixteen thousand bedsteads, and this is only one 
item. Messrs, Martin, and Bless, Kena & Co. have large furni- 
ture establishments and are doing a thriving and increasing 
business. The St. Joseph Iron Company has long stood among 
the foremost manufactories of the West in the line of agricultural 
implements. Its annual products amount in value to about 
$150,000. 

The value of manufactured products for the past year, is esti- 
mated as follows : 

Flouring Mills, shipped and custom work $500,000 

Wagons and Carriages 200,000 

Furniture 240,000 

Saw Mills 25,000 

Sash, Doors and Blinds 25,000 

Agricultural Implements 150,000 

Axes and Edge Tools 30,000 

Barrels 20,000 

Miscellaneous 120,000 

Total $1,310,000 



56 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

The population of the town was in 1860, according to the 
census returns, 1,486. Careful and competent judges estimate it 
at the present time at 3,000 at least. 

There has been more interest taken in public schools here than 
in any other part of the county, and with good success. The 
first school house was built in 1834, and Miss Sheldon of White 
Pigeon, was the first teacher. There is now, however, great need 
of an educational institution of a high order, a need which can, 
perhaps, be best supplied by improved, if not perfected public 
schools. The enterprising and progressive people of Mishawaka 
are not the ones to suffer long a want which can be supplied, and 
it may be safely predicted that all requisite intellectual advantages 
will soon be afforded. 

In 1841, Wilbur F. Storey issued the Mishawaka Tocsin, the 
the first newspaper published here. It was edited and published 
by himself Mr. Storey has since made his mark in the world as 
a journalist. He was for several years at the head of the Detroit 
Free Press, and has been for a long time, and now is, the able 
conductor of the Chicago Times. At the end of the first year the 
Tocsin was purchased by George Merrifield, who continued it 
until 1845, when it was sold to Thomas Jernigan, and removed to 
South Bend. 

In 1846, S. P. Hart started the Mishawaha Bee, which, after 
being published about two years, was discontinued. 

The Free Press was issued by D. C. Ireland, in 1853, and 
continued by him for two years, when he sold out to L. A. Elliot. 
Mr. Ireland now resides in Oregon City, and is editor of a paper 
there. Mr. Elliot is dead. Mr. Elliot changed the name to 
Mishawaka Enterprise, and, after publishing it for nearly two 
years, sold it to Mr. Archibald Beal, who is at present one of the 
editors of the St. Joseph Valley Pegisteml South Bend. In 1865, 
the Enterprise passed into the hands of N. V. Brower, by whom 
it is now successfully and ably conducted. 

There was, several years ago, published by P. T. Russell, for a 
short time a religious paper called the Investigator. It advocated 
the peculiar views of the Christian denomination. 

South Bend. — The city of South Bend is situated on both 
banks of the river, in Portage township, near a point where the 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 57 

St. Joseph suddenly turns from a nearly west course and stretches 
away with a rapid current, northward, into the State of Michigan. 
The site of the city is extremely picturesque and beautiful. On 
the west bank of the river an abrupt bluff rises to the height of 
some forty feet, thence, for a distance varying from one-fourth to 
three-quarters of a mile, extends a beautiful table of gravelly 
land, eminently fitted for purposes of building. Then ensues 
another elevation, of some ten or twelve feet, with a succession of 
fine, dry and eligible building ground. This is the old town of 
South Bend. The location is elevated and commanding, and the 
character of the soil and the excellent facilities for perfect drain- 
age, are a perpetual guarantee of healthy and attractive places of 
residence, and dry, hard and durable thoroughfares for locomo- 
tion. The rich, sandy loam, of which the soil is composed, forms 
abundant nutriment for the healthy and rapid growth of 
innumerable shade and ornamental trees, indigenous to the locality, 
among which may be mentioned the sugar and silver maple, the 
elm, the sycamore, the walnut, and the oak ; while gardens are 
filled with thrifty apple, pear, peach, plum, cherry and quince 
trees, and an abundance of the smaller fruits. The streets are 
wide and regular, crossing each other at right angles, and at 
convenient intervals. The grades are uniform, with a sufficient 
fall toward the river to secure perfect drainage and afford a never- 
failing auxiliary to the natural healthiulness of the place. The 
business houses are caj)acious and convenient, while many of 
them, by their imposing appearance, impart a metropolitan air to 
the city. The private residences, many of which are of brick, 
are generally neat and tasteful, and frequently illustrate some of 
the most modern and artistic achievements in architectm-e. 

On the east side a wide and rich bottom stretches away from 
the margin of the river, with a gentle aclivity, until it is lost in 
the romantic hillsides bordering upon the domain of Notre Dame 
du Lac. This, until recently, was the village of Lowell. It is 
now a part of the city. Through the bottom, and sufficiently 
elevated to be secure from inundations, runs a capacious race, 
affording a large number of excellent mill sites and abundant 
hydraulic power. Here are also many fine business localities and 
desirable lots for private dwellings. The time cannot be far 
5 



58 GAZETTEBR OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

distant when this now sparsely settled delta will be the industrial 
center, not only of the city, but of Northern Indiana. 

Nature has here been lavish of those advantages which only 
require the developing hand of human enterprise to yield rich and 
sure returns. Here the whole machinery of Lowell or Lawrence 
might be driven without intermission, and still there would be 
power left for new comers and new enterprises — not amoqg the 
rugged hills and rocky mountains of New England, where the 
chief "agricultural productions " are school houses and men, but 
in the very lap of luxuriance and plenty, and at the doorway of 
the capacious market of the great West. 

But, from the very general description thus given, the man of 
business can gather very little which will be j)ractically import- 
ant to him. For all purposes of an ordinary county seat or post 
town it might suffice ; but South Bend claims to be something 
more — to be at least the vigorous and promising beginning of a 
large and important manufacturing and business city — not only 
the trading center of a rich and fast developing county, but a 
point of unusual facilities in the direct channel of a never-ceasing 
stream of immigration. We, therefore, leave " glittering gene- 
ralities " and proceed to the consideration of particulars. 

The first white settlement at South Bend was made by Alexis 
Coquillard, in the spring of 1824. This was also the first in the 
county. Mr. Coquillard was an Indian trader and agent for the 
North American Fur Company, then actively managed by John 
Jacob Astor. He was a Frenchman, born in Montreal, which 
place he left at an early age, and spent most of his active life 
among the Indians. He was a man of powerful frame, active 
temperament and genial disposition. As a business man he was 
enterprising, energetic and generally successful. His relation of 
the early events in this country was graphic and exceedingly 
interesting. He was a great favorite with the Indians, who once 
elected him a chief, and over whom he had an extraordinary 
influence. He was accidentally killed by a fall, in January, 1855, 
at the age of about sixty. 

Lathrop M. Taylor settled here in September, 1827. He was 
also an Indian trader, and agent for the firm of Samuel Hanna 
& Co., of Fort Wayne. He was the first clerk of the county, has, 
for forty years, mixed actively in all the events that make an 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 59 

interesting history, and still survives, hale and hearty, to relate 
his varied experiences. In the same year several settlers came in 
who are yet living, among whom was Samuel L. Cotterell, the first 
sheriif. 

The town was laid out and platted the 28th of March, 1831, by 
Coquillard and Taylor. The first charter election was held 
October 3d, 1835, at which time William P. Howe, Horatio 
Chapin, Peter Johnson, John Massey and James A. Mann were 
elected trustees. The village organization was abandoned in 
1837, but in 1845, when the small pox was so prevalent that 
unusual sanitary precautions and police regulations became 
imperative, it was revived. In May, 1865, an organization under 
a city charter was effected, by the election of William G. George, 
Esq., as Mayor, and Wm. Miller, John Klingle, first ward ; Thos. 
S. Stanfield, Hon. William Miller, second ward; Israel Sweet and 
John Gallagher, third ward, councilmen. Since then the village 
of Lowell has been incorporated with the city, and forms the 
fourth ward. 

The population of South Bend, including the late village of 
Lowell, was, in 1840, according to the census of that year, 728; 
in 1850, it was 1,653 ; and in 1860 it had reached 3,832. A recent 
l^ublication recklessly and foolishly puts the present number at 
9,750, which is about 2,000 too much. A liberal and fair estimate 
results in about 7,750, which is probably within bounds and not 
far from exact. At the present rate of increase, and with the 
unusual inducements for men of capital, business or leisure to 
settle here, it is quite safe to say that the census of 1870 will 
show a population of over 10,000. 

In 1842 the South Bend Manufacturing Company was chartered, 
and in the following year the company built a substantial dam 
across the St. Joseph river, which affords an abundant and 
almost exhaustless hydraulic power, and which has contributed 
largely toward the permanent prosperity of the place. 

The first determined effort at utilizing the great water power 
afibrded by the St. Joseph, at South Bend, was made by Joseph 
Fellows, Garrett V. Dennison, Thomas W. Alcott, James 
McKown, William J. Worth, and John Van Buren, all of the 
State of New York. Most of these men will be recognized as 
having figured largely in public life ; Judge McKown, General 



60 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

Worth and John Van Buren, especially, have since been widely- 
known. They purchased the land in 1835. In 1837 they laid out 
a town opposite South Bend, which was called Dennison. It was 
afterwards called Lowell, and now forms part of the city of South 
Bend, as before observed. They commenced digging a race, and 
had a large amount of timber in readiness tor building head gates, 
locks, &c., when the scheme suddenly collapsed, and the jjroject 
was abandoned. Alexis Coquillard afterwards came into posses- 
sion of the premises, and he made large improvements on the 
race. It is now owned by the South Bend Hydraulic Company, 
a corporation with a capital of $100,000, composed of live men 
who are now engaged in enlarging the capacity of the power and 
perfecting it for an almost unlimited use. This company has a 
right to the use of one-half the water flowing in the river, which 
is equivalent, at a very moderate estimate, to a sixty-horse power 
for one hundred water wheels. They have a race five hundi'ed 
yards in length, and it is now in process of improvement. When 
completed it will be one thousand yards long, one hundred feet 
wide, and seven feet deep. The fall of the river, over the dam, is 
eight feet on the west side and nine feet on the east side. The 
fall from the head to the mouth of the race is twenty-eight inches. 
Such a hydraulic power in New England would ensure the build- 
ing of a city of fifty thousand inhabitants in two years. It would 
set the capitalists of Boston half crazy in an hour; and agitate 
the "hub of creation" to the extremity of every spoke. But 
when it is considered that here this power is, in reality and for 
every practical purpose, worth one hundred per cent, more than it 
would be if located in any part of New England, who can 
compute its value ? But when we go further and state the fact, 
which exists to-day, that this is but one-half of the power now in 
perpetual motion at South Bend, and the additional one that for a 
distance of more than one hundred and fifty miles, the St. Josej^h 
is competent to duplicate the whole of it every five miles, the 
senses are astounded, and every attemj^t at computation becomes 
not only futile but farcical. It requires no effort of the imagina- 
tion, but only the exercise of those more sober and reflective 
faculties which enter into the mental comj^osition of the success- 
ful business man, to see that the time is approaching — that it is 
now almost here — when this valley must and will be an industrial 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 61 

bee hive, unsurpassed on the continent of America. The South 
Bend Hydraulic Comj^any are now prepared to lease or sell, on 
the most favorable tei'ras, a large j)ortion of this power to persons 
desirous of availing themselves of its great advantages. On 
another page of this work will be found their views and proposals 
in detail. 

One-half of this immense power is owned by the South Bend 
Manufacturing Company, alluded to above. Their race extends 
over one thousand feet, on the west side of the river, and every 
water lot upon it, but two or three, is already occupied. Right 
there, under the hill, in those unpretending mills and factories, lie 
the main-springs of the prosperity of this infant city. Wars may 
come, the elements may be unpropitious, crops may fail — no 
matter ! The prosperity of the city is not retarded. The hum of 
industry goes on. Labor reaps its full reward ; capital is safely 
employed and richly remunerated, and wealth, with all its comforts 
and blessings, pours in, in an uninterrupted stream. 

An idea of the general business of the city may be gathered, 
to some extent, by inspecting the advertisements contained in 
this book. It may be noticed, however, that all the business 
firms are not represented. There are three classes which do not 
advertise: 1st, the oldest settlers, who are generally well known 
and already rich ; 2d, those so poor that they cannot pay for an 
advertisement ; 3d, those who have too little enterprise and who 
are, withal, too mean to pay for a little publicity. 

Something of the , magnitude of the manufacturing interests 
here is rejj»resented in the facts and figures following : There are 
in operati(>n three flouring mills ; four wagon and carriage 
factories; three furniture factories; three saw mills; two sash, 
blind and door factories ; one pump factory ; one chair factory ; 
two tanneries ; one mattress factory ; one woolen factory ; six 
barrel factories; one clover- thresher factory; one seed drill 
factory, and one agricultural implement factory. 

The following table shows the value of the products of these 
diflTerent branches of industry for the year 1866 : 



62 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

Flouring Mills (shipping and custom work) $600,000 

Wagons and Carriages, 310,000 

Furniture, 220,000 

Saw Mills, 25,000 

Sashes, blinds and doors, 55,000 

Agricultural Implements, 205,000 

Hubs, spokes and felloes, 45,000 

Pumps, 10,000 

Chairs, 35,000 

Tanneries, 50,000 

Mattress and Woolen goods, 55,000 

Barrels, 25,000 

Clover Threshers, 75,000 

Clothing, Boots and Shoes, &c., 200,000 

$1,910,000 

All branches of manufacture are in a healtliy condition. The 
demand for all articles produced more than equals the supply. 
Sales are easily made, and with little outlay for commissions. 
Wages are liberal and promptly paid. Living is cheap, and 
operatives, as well as employers, are thriving and independent. 

The report of the Michigan Southern and Nortiieru Indiana 
Railroad Company, for the year ending February 2Sth, 1867, gives 
the amount of freight received and forwarded at this point, with 
the revenue derived therefrom, as follows : 

Freight received, 13,320,269 lbs ; Revenue, $29,769.53 

Freight forwarded, .... 13,346,972 " " 28,635.64 

Total, 26,667,241 " $58,405.17 

The singular uniformity in the amount of incoming and outgoing 
freight, and the revenue derived therefrom, will be noticed. 

The revenue derived from passengers leaving South Bend, by 
this road, for the year, is $34,100.57, being exceeded in amount by 
only each of four stations on the whole line, viz.: Chicago, 
Toledo, Detroit and Adrian, all termini of roads. 

It may not already have escaped the notice of the intelligent 
reader that if, in the course of thne, the whole hydraulic power of 
the St. Joseph at South Bend should be exhausted, in driving the 
machinery which enterprise, capital and labor will set in motion, 
a very large additional power is easily available from the 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIAlifA. 63 

Kankakee river. A comparatively small outlay of means would 
bi'ing from that source a current of water which, with the great 
fall of between forty and fifty feet, would move a large amount of 
machinery. The feasibility of such an enterprise was tested and 
proved by Mr. Coquillard, at an early day, as elsewhere stated. 

The time is approaching when the city will require a supply of 
pure water over and beyond that now obtained from wells. The 
Kankakee lake is at hand, with its abundant stores, which, at a 
moderate expense, can be made to flow into every household ; or, 
if thought preferable, water can be forced from the St. Joseph to 
an elevated distributing reservoir. The city, with commendable 
forecast, has already secured water power sufficient for such an 
emergency, which will be used at an early day. 

South Bend was a railroad station long before the Northern 
Indiana road was seriously thought of. The road which ran 
through it was called, in a metaphorical way, " the underground 
railroad ;" not because it was a sort of miraculous tunnel beneath 
the soil, but on account of the fact that although the trains were 
known to be frequent, very few persons ever saw them. The 
enterprising managers were singularly nocturnal in their habits, 
and a large proportion of the passengers appeared to have been 
born under the rule of the " ebon throne." It was liberally 
patronized, but the dividends to stockholders were " few and far 
between." It is said, however, that a large amount is placed to 
their credit in a divinely chartered savings bank, where moth 
doth not corrupt, and where thieves do not break through and 
steal. Its operations were carried on, it must be confessed, in 
opposition to law — that is to say, the fugitive slave law ; and, if 
slavery should turn out, after all, to have been a divine institution, 
as many contend it will, then it must be conceded that it defied 
"God, man and the devil." At any rate, its business was large, 
if not profitable ; and, although the dividends were small, the 
assessments were sometimes frightfully large. One fine morning 
the booming of cannon was heard in Charleston harbor in South 
Carolina ; and at the same moment this railroad vanished, like the 
gossamer web of the fairies at the crowing of the cock. As 
Byron died, according to the pious Pollock, because there was no 
more to drink, so this extraordinary institution became defunct on 
account of the sudden falliog ofi" of that peculiar traffic which 



64 GAZETTEEE OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

gave it vitality. South Bend has, however, had her experiences 
in the business ; whether they were sweet or bitter is a question 
which may be safely left to the determination of individual tastes. 
As a matter of history, something of these experiences should be 
here chronicled. 

John Norris, of Boone county, Kentucky, claimed to be the 
owner of David Powell, his wife and four children, all of African 
descent, but not then exactly our fellow-citizens. These persons 
had been passengers on the " underground railroad," and had 
located in Cass county, Michigan. After searching Southern 
Indiana for about two months, Norris, in the middle of a September 
night, in 1849, with a party of eight men, forcibly broke into 
Powell's house, and, drawing 2:)istols and knives, compelled the 
wife and three children to follow him. Hurrying them off, bound 
with cords, they placed them in covered wagons and started for 
Kentucky. Alarm was soon given and pursuit commenced. They 
were overtaken at South Bend, about thirty miles from where they 
started. A writ of habeas corpus was sued out, and the parties 
were discharged by Hon. Elisha Egbert, probate judge. " Norris, 
in the meantime, had gathered his men around the captives, and 
the moment the decision was announced they seized the captives 
with one hand, brandished their weapons with the other, threaten- 
ing to shoot the first man that interfered. This was while the 
judge was on the bench, and before any adjournment had been 
announced. Everything had been perfectly quiet up to this 
moment, but ui:)on this display of force, the people rose to their 
feet highly excited. * * * Mr. Listen, one of the counsel, 
jumped upon a table, and called upon the Kentuekians to shoot 
all who interfered, and they would be justified in so doing. His 
language was most violent and abusive toward the citizens, and 
did much to fan the excitement." Suffice it to say that the 
captives were never returned to slavery ; but a law suit was 
commenced between Norris and Leander B. Newton, George W. 
Horton, Edwin B. Crocker, Solomon W. Palmei*, David Jodon, 
William Wilmington, Lot Day, Jr., and Amable M. Lapiere, 
citizens of South Bend, to recover the value of the negroes and 
other damages. It was vigorously fought, but Norris beat, and 
some of the defendants were rendered homeless and penniless by 
the sale of their property. Mr. Norris has probably had other 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 65 

experiences in the slave line since then, quite as exciting, but 
perhaps less profitable. He and his ruffianly attendants succeeded 
in making South Bend classic ground, and in arousing in Northern 
Indiana a spirit which he, or some of his, may possibly have since 
met in the " sunny South " amid the gleam of bayonets and other 
things of that sort. 

There are several public buildings in the city worthy of partic- 
ular remark. The court house is a fine structure of cut Athens 
stone, with a front ornamented with seven Corinthian columns. 
It was built in 1854, at an expense of |35,000. The jaU was 
erected in 1860. It is a model building for the purpose it is 
intended to subserve ; indeed, exteriorly it is the handsomest 
building in the county. It cost about 135,000. The new post 
office, built in 1865, is a tasteful and well arranged structure. 
There are five public school houses, four of which are of brick, 
and are intended for ward schools. A large and elegant Union 
school house is contemj)lated and will soon be built. Neither city 
nor county owes any debt occasioned by the construction of 
these buildings. 

The first church in the city, and in the county also, was erected 
by the Methodist, in 1832, on Michigan street, between Lafayette 
and Jefierson streets. Samuel Good and Adanijah Rambo were 
the builders. It was never used as a church, the workmanship 
and materials being so poor that the trustees refused to receive 
it. Thus an effort to cheat the Lord was defeated and two enter- 
prising gentlemen disgusted. It is still in existence and is occu- 
pied as a barn, near the south-east corner of Michigan and Wayne 
streets. In 1835 the Methodists were successful in building a 
church on the west side of Main street, north of Market street, 
which was occupied for many years. There are now nine 
churches, including the chapel on the east side. They are, the 
Presbyterian, Methodist, Baptist, Dutch Reformed, two Catholic, 
German Lutheran, Universalist, United Brethren and Christian 
Disciples. The Church of the Sacred Heart, of Notre Dame, 
although outside the city limits, is easy of access and largely 
attended by persons living in South Bend. This church has a 
chime of twenty-four bells, cast in France, and ranging in tone 
two octaves, from G to G. The largest bell was spoiled by a 
crack, some years ago, and another has been recently received from 



66 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

France to replace it. This bell weighs over fourteen thousand 
pounds. There is only one larger bell in the United States, and 
but two upon the continent. It is claimed that this bell, when in 
place, can be heard for a distance of twenty miles. 

The first bank at South Bend was established in 1838. It was 
a branch of the Indiana State Bank, and had a capital of $102,000. 
When the charter expired, in 1856, and the Bank of the State of 
Indiana was incorporated, a branch was organized here with a 
capital of $100,000, afterwards increased to $150,000, which con- 
tinued until the First National Bank, with a capital of the latter 
amount, took its place. In addition, there is now in operation the 
St. Joseph County Bank, which is not a corporation. Under the late 
free banking law of the State, the Bank of South Bend was 
located here by some eastern capitalists. It was little more than 
a redemption office, but was one of the few of its class that never 
suspended. 

The property of the city is valued for taxation at $2,522,977. 
This is less than one-half its actual value, which may be safely put 
at $6,000,000. The levy for 1867 is only about sixty cents on the 
hundred dollars, a fact hardly to be credited by the over taxed citi- 
zens of New York, Chicago, and other large cities. Perhaps when 
South Bend is rejoicing in her hundred thousand inhabitants, some 
victim of municipal rapacity in that "good time coming," may 
i:)oint back to this item as evidence of the unsophisticated inno- 
cence of primitive councilmen. 

It is difficult to particularise the business interests of South Bend ; 
yet it is proper to do so to some extent. The Messrs. Studebaker 
Bro's have established a business in the last dozen years which is 
really an " institution " of the city. Their carriages, buggies, 
wagons, sleighs, and all other articles in their line, are known 
throughout the West and Southwest. From a small beginning, 
these persistent workers have reached an enviable position. 
More than one hundred and thirty men are constantly employed 
by them, and they annually produce nearly a quarter of a million 
dollars worth of manufactured articles. A. Coquillard & Co. are 
engaged in the same branch of industry, and on a very large scale. 
Jacob Stray er & Co. are turning out large numbers of their cele- 
brated seed drills. It is said that any farmer who has thirty acres of 
wheat to sow can pay for the drill by the increase in the crop for 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 67 

one year by using one of tliem. Lipliart & Co. take the lead in 
furniture ; and Lantz Bros. & Co. have no successful competitors 
in the manufacture and sale of clothing. The superior quality of 
the flour made by the mills here is well known to the trade and to 
consumers. In fact, the large manufacturing interest of South 
Bend is in a healthy condition and is conducted by earnest, com- 
petent and every way reliable men. Nothing is overdone and 
there is plenty of room for additional industry and capital. A 
paper mill, a cotton and woolen factory, all on a large scale, are 
much needed and would receive co-operation and assistance from 
the foremost citizens of the place. Indeed, almost any branch of 
business that requires a good water power, cheap living and a 
constant market, would thrive here. To all other inducements 
South Bend adds a quiet, moral, healthy and in all respects desire- 
able place of residence. Property is low compared with other 
places of equal facilities, and a generous welcome awaits all new 
comers. 

No other city in the State presents so varied and excellent 
facilities for the training and education of youth, of both sexes, 
as South Bend ; and probably these facilities are not excelled in 
any part of the continent. As early as 1832, when the chief part 
of the inhabitants of the valley were the red men of the forest — 
the Miamis and the Pottawatomies — the Rev. Stephen T. Badin 
visited the spot now known as Notre Dame, and, with an eye 
schooled to the appreciation of the beautiful in nature, became 
impressed with the loveliness of the situation. The gently undu- 
lating surface, the groves of magnificent oaks and other trees of 
the forest, the natural fertility of the soil, the abundant growth 
of native grasses, the profusion of wild flowers, the crystal lakes, 
and generally all that could contribute to the composition of a 
scene of rural beauty and almost absolute enchantment, attracted 
the attention of Father Badin and became a prophecy, in his 
mind, of future advantages and pious uses. He, therefore, lost no 
time in becoming the owner of a magnificent domain, of some 
eleven hundred acres, and, with a zealous devotion to the Catholic 
Church, resolved to dedicate it to the education of youth. With 
him to resolve was to execute. He placed the title in the hands 
of the ruling authorities of the Church, and in a few years it was 
transferred to the "right man in the right place," the Very Rev. 



68 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

E. Serin, priest of the congregation of the Holy Cross, who, with 
a few brothers of the same order, had then recently come to 
America from France. In 1842, Father Sorin, (with his confreres^ 
took possession and with that pious determination and indomita- 
ble energy which enter largely into the character of this extraor- 
dinary man, he immediately commenced that system of improve- 
ments which has, in less than a quarter of a century, resulted in 
placing "Notre Dame du Lac" very far towards the head of the 
educational institutions in America. 

The " University of Notre Dame " was incorporated by the 
Legislature of Indiana, in 1844. It is situated on a table of land 
elevated nearly a hundred feet above the St. Joseph river, and 
distant from the river and the center of South Bend but a little 
over one mile. It is on the banks of two lovely lakes of clear, 
cool spring water. On one hand Arcadian groves of native forest 
trees, adorned by all the appliances of cultivated art, invite to 
their cooling shades and silent retreats ; on the other a landscape 
of sylvan beauty, rarely surpassed, stretches as far as the eye can 
reach. The college is of most liberal proportions, and of that 
subdued, though tasteful style of architecture, eminently fitted for 
its uses. An air of quietude and neatness pervades every part, 
not only of the college but of the whole domain. It is conducted 
by the Fathers of the Congregation of the Holy Cross, assisted 
by a number of competent lay professors in the various branches 
of study. The whole is very ably presided over by the Rev. W. 
Corby, Father Superior. These educators, with a profound 
appreciation of the keynotes of the human mind, have success- 
fully elaborated and, with admirable tact and ability, now conduct 
an institution which is not only valuable but attractive. Here is 
no rude coercion, no fear of punishment, no abnegation of individ- 
ualism, but all are kept within the line of duty by a noble sense 
of honor and justice. A healthy emulation is excited by various 
devices which appeal to the higher and nobler faculties of the 
youthful mind. 

The University has recently, in addition to the land above 
spoken of, purchased a tract of about thirteen hundred acres in 
Harris township, and they also own a fine peat bed on the Kan- 
kakee, which they have commenced working. A trial of this peat 
shows it to be superior in every respect, as fuel, to the best wood. 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 69 

Some idea of the magnitude of this educational establishment 
may be gathered from the fact that there are annually consumed 
there and at St. Mary's Academy, four hundred and fifty beef 
cattle, one thousand fat sheep, sixty thousand pounds of pork, 
seven thousand bushels of wheat, and other articles in pro- 
portion. 

The Northern Indiana College is located at South Bend, at the 
west end of Washington street, just one mile from the court 
house. Its position is easy of access, healthy, and affords a fine 
view of the city and surrounding country. 

The Northern Indiana College was founded in 1861, by an 
association of protestant gentlemen, residing at and in the 
vicinity of South Bend. They organized under the act of the 
General Assembly, entitled an act for the incorporation of High 
Schools, Academies, Colleges, etc. — and the purpose of the associ- 
ation is described in the following extract from the records, to wit : 

" To establish an Institution of learning, for the education of 
both male and female students, in the various branches of the arts 
and sciences usually taught in other Colleges." The first board 
of trustees was composed of the following named gentlemen, viz : 
Schuyler Colfax, William Miller, John H. Harper, John Brown- 
field, Ashbury Clark, George F. Layton, Francis R. Tutt, John 
W. Chess and Elisha Egbert. Like most institutions of the kind 
in our young country, it has had many diflSculties to contend with, 
principally of a financial character. On this account the edifice 
was not fully completed until the fall of 1866, soon after which, it 
was consecrated to the sacred cause of science, by appropriate 
services, conducted by Rev. Dr. Eddy, of Chicago. 

The College building does honor to its projectors, and is an 
ornament to the city with which it is connected. It is built of 
brick, fifty by ninety feet and four stories high including basement. 
The front is ornamented by a central and cylindrical tower, rising 
to an altitude of nearly one hundred feet, and connected with 
every floor in the building. The interior arrangement is well 
adapted to educational purposes, and the whole edifice finished in 
a workmanlike manner. Young ladies are accommodated with 
pleasant, well ventilated rooms, in the college building, and young 
gentlemen may be furnished with board, or room to board them- 
selves, in the immediate neighborhood. Students who come here 



VO GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

to pursue their studies will find competent and experienced teach- 
ers in every department. Study rooms, recitation rooms, society 
rooms, a library and reading room, maps and apparatus for illus- 
trating the principles of natural science. The boarding hall is 
under the superintendence of Rev. James Johnson and lady, well 
and favorably known in this section of country. The school is 
under the governmental and educational control of the M. E. 
Church, yet is conducted on liberal and unsectarian principles. 
The college is now in running order, and needs only an increased 
share of public patronage to make it a success. 

All denominations of christians and the public generally are 
invited to enjoy the facilities here afforded for the education of 
their sons and daughters. 

The fall session for 1867, opened on the first Wednesday in 
September. The President of this Institution is Rev. D. Holmes, 
D. D., a gentleman who has few equals and no superiors as an 
educator. He is assisted by a competent faculty. The Northern 
Indiana College, though young and just emerging from the varied 
difficulties incident to new enterprises of the kind, has already 
entered upon a sphere of usefulness which will ultimate in most 
beneficient results. It has a noble future in prospect, and the day 
is coming when the gentlemen who have made large sacrifices in 
its foundation Avill be held in most affectionate remembrance by a 
matured generation of intelligent, useful and christian men and 
women. It is most heartily commended to the patronage of the 
St. Joseph Yalley particularly and to Indiana and the whole 
country in general. 

St. Mary's Academy, under the direction of the sisters of the 
Holy Cross, and devoted to the education of females, is pleasantly 
situated upon the east bank of the St. Joseph river, not far from 
one mile below South Bend. This is exclusively a boarding 
school. It has already earned for itself a high reputation and as 
a consequence is very liberally patronised, both by Catholics 
and Protestants. The buildings are large and well adapted to 
the purposes for which they were constructed. Hot and cold 
baths attached to the sleeping apartments form a peculiarity 
which may well be copied elsewhere. Only one wing of the 
edifice, as it is designed to be, has been yet erected. There is 
ample accommodation for several hundred pupils. It has just 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. Yl 

entered upon its twelfth year of usefulness. All branches of a 
liberal female education are taught, including vocal and instru- 
mental music and the modern languages. Its proximity to Notre 
Dame, it being less than a mile distant, is a great convenience to 
parents having children at both institutions. 

St. Joseph Academy is an institution for the education of 
females, and is situated in the city of South Bend. It is an 
elegant edifice of large proportions, and is under the management 
of the sisters of the Holy Cross. This school is intended for the 
accommodation of externs, or day scholars, in which it differs 
entirely from St. Mary's, where only boarders are taken. It has 
been in operation only about two years, but has already won a 
large share of public favor. 

St. Patrick's Select School is situated in South Bend, contiguous 
to the church of the same name. It is a Catholic school, of the 
parochial order, and not incorporated. It was organized in 1866, 
by the present principal. Rev. P. P. Cooney. It is intended 
for boys. This school is in a thriving condition, and enjoys a 
substantial patronage. 

A Spencerian Commercial College has been for some time in 
successful operation at South Bend. It is pleasantly and airily 
located on the corner of Main and Washington streets, and is ably 
managed by its enterprismg conductors, Messrs. Sumption and 
Adams. These gentlemen also preside over a select graded school 
at the same place,which has thus far proved a success and a blessing. 
Mr. Sumption has been for many years actively engaged in the 
profession, and as a teacher, has the confidence of all who know 
him. He is now the Examiner of the schools of St. Joseph 
county. 

A good public- school is kept up in each ward of the city during 
several months of each year. 

We had intended to give a brief history of the press of the 
valley, but the task proves to be so difficult and the labor so great 
that the purpose has been abandoned. We shall, however, under- 
take to make a connected statement of the papers hitherto and 
presently published in South Bend, as we have already done in 
reference to some other places. 

The publication of the Northwestern Pioneer was commenced 
at South Bend, in October, 1831, by John D. Defrees and his 



12 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

brother Joseph H. Defrees. The former of these gentlemen has 
snace occupied many positions of trust and honor — has been a 
member of Congress, and is now the able Superintendent of 
Public Printing at Washington. The latter is an esteemed citizen 
of Goshen, in Elkhart county. The Pioneer, be it remembered, 
was the first nexospaper ever published north of Logansport and 
west of Detroit. Chicago was then an uninhabited morass, and 
all beyond terra incognita. At the end of six months the Pioneer 
was changed to the St. Joseph Beacon. In 1833, John D. Defrees 
bought his brother's interest and removed the office to White 
Pigeon, Michigan, and shortly afterwards sold it to a man by 
the name of Gilbert. 

The South Bend Free Press was started by William Millikan 
about 1836, and was published until 1845, when it was changed to 
the St. Joseph Yalley Register, and came under the editorial man- 
agement of Hon, Schuyler Colfax, the present distinguished 
Speaker of the House of Representatives. Mr. Colfax was not 
a printer, as many have supposed, but was a very able editor and a 
safe business man. In 1854 Mr. Alfred Wheeler became associated 
with Mr. Colfax. In 1855 the whole interest passed into the 
hands of Mr. Wheeler, who continued the publication up to 1866, 
when he sold out to Archibald Beal and C. E. Fuller, the present 
publishers. The Register has enjoyed a large circulation for 
many years and has occupied a wide field of influence and useful- 
ness. Mr. Millikan is now editor of the Fayette County Herald, 
published at Washington, Ohio. 

In 1844, Thomas Jernigan published the Mishaioaha Tocsin, 
and removed the office to South Bend, where Jernigan & Harris 
resumed its publication under the name of the Indiana Tocsin. 
In 1845 the Tocsin was removed to Laporte and was there pub- 
lished under another name. Mr, Jernigan now resides in Michigan 
City, where he edits a paper and holds a federal office. 

In 1848 W. R. Ellis published a paper called the Free Democrat. 
It was devoted to the support of the free soil party and of Martin 
VanBuren for the presidency. It survived but a few month. Mr. 
Ellis now lives in Lafayette, Indiana. 

The St. Joseph County Forum was established in 1853, by A. E. 
Drapier and his son Wm. H. Drapier. This was the first demo- 
cratic paper published in South Bend. The elder Drapier retired 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 73 

after a year or two and left the paper in the hands of his son who, 
after being connected with it thirteen years to a day, sold the 
establishment to an association of democratic gentlemen in 1866. 
On the occasion of the change of proprietors the name was 
dropped, and it is now published by Mr. E. Molloy as the 
National Union. The Forum was for some months, at one time, 
issued semi-weekly, but the experiment was not a financial 
success. 

There is now published a monthly periodical at Notre Dame 
called Ave 3faria. It is a religious publication, devoted to the 
interests of the Catholic Church, and has a wide circulation 
among persons of that faith. 

Nkw Carisle is a flourishing town, on the Northern Indiana 
Railroad, fourteen miles west of South Bend. It is located on an 
abx'upt elevation of land overlooking Tei're Coupee prairie. The 
situation is a very desirable and commanding one. The popula- 
tion does not vary much from five hundred. At this place the 
Methodists have established the Carlisle Collegiate Institute, a 
school for the education of both sexes. This Institute has 
already taken a high position among the many classical schools of 
Northern Indiana. The building is of brick, and is commodious 
and convenient, while all its surroundings are beautiful and 
inviting. The sexes are educated together, and on a perfect 
equality. Its existence, so far, has been marked with great 
success, and a brilliant future seems to be within its reach. Isaac 
W. McCasky, A. M., is president, and he is assisted by a full corps 
of teachers in the various English, classical and ornamental 
Jbranches. The place is healthy and retired, yet easy of access; 
and students enjoy, in addition to other advantages, the benefit of 
quiet, intelligent and refined society. 

New Carlisle is not properly in the St. Joseph Valley, but its 
interests are so closely associated with South Bend and St. Joseph 
county, that we have not felt at liberty to omit mentioning it. 
6 



BEEEIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 



This is the extreme southwestern county of the State. It is, 
on its northwesterly side, for many miles, washed by the waters 
of Lake Michigan. The equable and moderate climate occasioned 
by proximity to the lake, and the peculiar quality of the soil, 
render a large portion of the county celebrated as a fruit gi'owing 
region. Apples, pears and peaches here grow in luscious 
perfection, and in large quantities, so that had the county no other 
resources it would soon become populous and wealthy from fruit- 
growing alone. Peaches, especially, all along the shore of, and 
for many miles back from, the lake are produced in great 
abundance and of a very superior quality, and the excellent 
facilities for transportation afibrded by water and railroad to the 
great markets east and west, give to this fruit a value which 
must always make its culture very profitable. The peach crop 
here is never known to fail entirely, as in most other places, but 
its quantity seldom has any limit except the ability of the trees to 
carry their burthen of fruit. Indeed, so certain is it, that it is not 
uncommon for the prosi^ective products of whole orchards to be 
contracted for, in the lump, before the appearance of a single 
blossom. The quality of this fruit is excellent, and in all accessible 
markets it commands the highest price. All kinds of small fruits 
are here abundantly and profitably cultivated. But Berrien 
county is not alone adapted to fruit-raising; it is also one of the 
best sections of Michigan for general agriculture. Wheat, corn 
and grass appear to be both protected and stimulated by the 
climatic influence of the neighboring lake. The general surface is 
rolling, but scarcely ever broken. There are some small prairies, 



/ 



BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 75 



but only a few marshes. The oak openings are extensive, but 
forests of pine, oak, walnut, poplar, beech, maple, and other trees, 
abound. A large amount of capital is employed in the manu- 
facture of lumber for export ; and like many other sections of our 
country, the land is likely to be soon denuded of its wealth of 
lumber. Cupidity and waste have joined hands in this unpardon- 
able and irreparable destruction. Under the shadow of private 
right this public wrong is safely perpetrated, and no one has 
power to prevent or restrain it. The man who now destroys the 
most timber, by cutting it into lumber, is said to be the most 
enterprising ; posterity will, very properly, pronounce him to 
have been the greatest nuisance of his day. The wanton, care- 
less or useless felling of a tree, ought to be considered a great 
crime ; and the man who, for mere gain, strips his farm of those 
beautiful forests which nature has planted, should be sent to the 
asylum for the insane or for idiots. 

The St. Joseph river enters the county in the township of 
Bertrand, and runs in a generally north direction, through Niles, 
Buchanan and Berrien Springs, to St. Joseph, where it empties 
into Lake Michigan. At the city of Niles it receives the water of 
the Dowagiac river, and a short distance above its mouth the 
Paw Paw falls into it. Both these streams afford many and fine 
mill sites, and the hydraulic capacity of the St. Joseph constantly 
increases as it sweeps through the county. Galien river, Pipe- 
stone, McCoy's, Hickory, Yellow and Blue creeks, drain and 
water other parts of the county, and furnish a large amount of 
water power. 

The history of Berrien coimty is somewhat peculiar and very 
interesting, and ought to be written at large. We are happy to 
be able to state that this duty will soon be accomplished by 
Hon. Nathaniel Bacon, of Niles, who is now preparing, and will, 
at an early day, publish a very full history of the St. Joseph 
Valley. The knoM^n ability of Judge Bacon, together with the 
industry and i3erseverance with which he has sought and 
examined all available sources of information, warrant the 
expectation that he will present a very interesting and useful 
book. Here it was that, nearly two hundred years ago, the 
great explorer LaSalle, with Hennepin and Tonti, first discovered 
the mouth of our beautiful St. Joseph river; here, on the borders 



76 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

of the lake, these forerunners of a Christian civilization built 
a fort; here, at that early day, the voice of praise and prayer 
ascended to the " imknown God " of the aborigines ; and here the 
first white man boldly pushed his prow into the solitude of this 
then unexplored valley. Here, also, were early missions established, 
councils held and treaties made with the Indian tribes; here was 
the first orchard planted west of Detroit, and here, to-day, a cross 
marks the grave of the first white man who died in the valley. 
And then the events of modern years, though more numerous, are 
not less interesting. How the first settlers and settlements sped ; 
their struggles, sufierings and successes ; the growth of improve- 
ments, towns and cities ; the establishment of civil, religious and 
social institutions; the development of material resources; the 
departure of the aborigines ; life in the camj} and in the cabin, 
and the transition to more jesthetic abodes ; all this and much 
more, form a theme most inviting to the philosophic thinker or to 
the intelligent historian. 

The first permanent settlement in this county was made by 
John Johnson, in 1827, although as early as 1820 there had been 
an Indian trading post established. In 1840 the r)opulation was 
about 5,000, and twenty years thereafter it had reached 22,274. 
It is now, probably, over 30,000. In 1860 the cereals produced in 
the county were as follows : 

Wheat, 260,000 bushels. 

Rye, 26,000 " 

Corn, 456,000 " 

Oats, 75,000 

A large proportion of the emigration into this as into most of 
the other counties in Southern Michigan, has been from New 
England and New York. This fact accounts for the high degree 
of perfection to which the common schools have there been 
brought. The first public improvement a New England man 
looks to in a new country is a school house, and until this is 
completed and in use he does not begin to feel at home. This he 
knows to be the foundation for other and higher schools, the sure 
precursor of academies, seminaries and colleges. The common 
school is his pet ; and the better it is the greater is his satisfaction. 
For it his money, however laboriously earned, goes freely. He 



BEEEIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 11 

looks upon it with the pride of a prince, and when he sees his 
children marching, in cleanly attire, to this rudimental temple of 
learning, he glows with that self-satisfied importance which only 
the true-hearted pater familias can feel. It is not, therefore, 
strange that Berrien county rejoices in the superiority of her 
common schools. No better exist anywhere ; and in addition to 
them she has also several institutions of what are claimed to be a 
higher grade. The Union school at Niles is equal to any in the 
nation, and is one of the chief ornaments of that city, both in a 
material and a higher sense. In 1860 there were 6,220 pupils in 
daily attendance at the several public schools of the county. This 
number has since been largely increased. To this fact may be 
attributed the general intelUgence of the people, and also the good 
judgment recently displayed in electing so capable and suitable a 
gentleman as Captain Henry A. Ford to superintend the affairs of 
these " colleges of the poor man." 

About six miles below South Bend we cross the boundary line 
between Indiana and Michigan, and immediately come to 
Bertrand, a village which reminds the observer of " the last rose 
of summer." There was a time, many years ago, when Bertrand 
was a town of much promise. It had its wide and long streets, 
its public squares, and its chwrch sites — nearly all in the woods. 
The territorial road crossed the river here, and the town enjoyed 
considerable trade. Corner lots were plenty, and amazingly high ; 
indeed, so high that nobody would buy them. And so it died — 
died of wounds received in the house of its friends. It is now a 
place of no importance, and has but about three hundred 
inhabitants. 

The city of Niles is situated on the St. Joseph river at its 
confluence with the Dowagiac. It is the commercial and manu- 
facturing center of the county, and a place of large importance in 
the State. The first settlement was made in 1827. The plat of 
the town was made in 1829, and it became an incorporated village 
in 1834. In 1859 it was incorporated as a city. The name is 
derived from the editor of the celebrated JSfiles' Register. The 
first store was opened in 1830, and the first church (Presbyterian) 
was built in 1833. The city in 1860 had 2,826 inhabitants, but its 
growth since then has been rapid, and it probably has now 
considerably over 5,000. Niles is handsomely laid out on both 



18 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

sides of the St. Joseph river, which is here spanned by two 
bridges. There are many very beautiful locations for private 
residence, some of which are improved with good taste. The 
business houses are generally large, substantial and convenient. 
The Union School House is a very fine building, and in point of 
architectural beauty and general effect surpasses all other build- 
ings in the city. It has accommodations for over twelve 
hundred scholars, and is surrounded by grounds very prettily laid 
out. There are several manufactories here, among which may be 
mentioned five flouring and two saw mills, a foundry and a 
machine shop. The machinery is driven by the Dowagiac, 
which furnishes a fine water power. Several attemjjts have been 
made to build a dam across the St. Joseph river, but for some 
reason they have been unsuccessful. At the present time a 
hydraulic comi^any with ample means and becoming energy are 
relocating the attempt, and will, without doubt, accomplish the 
work. There is no imiDcdiment to the construction of a dam at 
Niles which does not exist at all other places where such an 
improvement has stood for years. The water power is here too 
valuable to allow slight discouragements to control. The citizens 
of Niles are proud of their city ; they aim high, and are not made 
to be beat by water — it will take something stronger to do it. 
On this power the city depends for its future rapid and permanent 
growth. Without it, Niles may be considered one of the finished 
cities ; with it, no one can predict any limit to its business, 
wealth, population and importance. No town in the valley 
which depends alone, or chiefly, upon local trade for its pros- 
perity, can attain to any enviable proportions. Niles is no 
exception ; and unless she uses the great advantages which 
nature has provided, and builds up a manufacturing business, she 
will see other towns sweeping by, and leaving her to mourn over 
her folly and her fate. 

The village of Buchanan, at the mouth of McCoy's creek, a 
few miles below Niles, has a population of over a thousand. It 
has two newspapers, several churches, two flouring mills, and some 
other manufactories. It is a brisk town, handsomely situated, 
and has a good local trade. 

Berrien Springs is the capital of the county. It occupies the 
site of an old French fort on the St. Joseph river, some ten miles 



BERRIEN COUNTY, MICHIGAN. 19 

below Niles, and fifteen miles fi-om the mouth of the river. Its 
only means of communication with the outer world is by stage 
and steamboat. It is innocent of railroads, which accounts for 
the fact that, although very pleasantly located and enjoying many 
great natural advantages, it has only about a thousand people. 
This cannot remain so long. A railroad from the mouth of the 
river, by the way of Berrien Springs and Niles, to South Bend, is 
not only contemplated, but its completion is certain at a very 
early day. The road can be easily and cheaply made, and will be 
highly important to the country and towns through which it will 
pass. This improvement accomplished, and Berrien Springs will 
soon become important for something else besides being the 
depository of the county records, and as a place to which the 
judges of the courts and a few lawyers make periodical but 
flying visits. The name of the village is suggestive of a natural 
means of wealth, near by, which may, even before long, make the 
place famous as a delightful resort for health and pleasure. We 
refer to the numerous mineral springs. There are found here 
several very fine white sulphur springs, and some other mineral 
waters, whose qualities deserve further analysis. The region is 
evidently volcanic, and some persons are decidedly of the opinion 
that they have found unmistakable evidences of oil — a slander upon 
the locality which we have no idea will ever be verified. These 
mineral waters are of such a character and quantity as to lead to 
the expectation that, before many years, a great watering i^lace 
will be established here. A recent writer, referring to this town, 
says it is "beautifully situated, healthily located, with a fine 
chalybeate spring within the corporation, and a sulphur spring on 
the opposite side of the river, and surrounded by fine farms ; over- 
looking the beautiful St. Joseph, in sight of majestic woods, and 
in the center of the great fruit region of Western Michigan, it 
could not fail to be a charming resort. Just above the town are 
the beautifully embowered Indian Fields, still retaining the foot- 
marks of barbaric life, even now much frequented. Opposite is 
Fruit Island No. 1, an island garden, bordered with majestic trees 
and embowered with climbing vines. Below and opposite the 
main mineral springs and basin are the celebrated Shaker farms 
and establishment. The river, both above and below the village, 
is a thing of beauty, bordered and embowered with the sycamore, 



80 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

black walnut, buckeye, pawpaw and wild grape ; and as a place 
for rambles, walks and drives, is unsurpassed for romantic loveli- 
ness and sylvan beauty. Peaches, apples, grapes, sweet potatoes, 
and all kinds of berries, wild and tame ; fish in the river and game 
in the woods largely abound." 

At the mouth of the St. Joseph river and at the terminus of the 
Valley, is situated the village of St. Joseph, a thriving town of 
about twenty-five hundred inhabitants. Here the Paw Paw falls 
into the St. Joseph, and here, also, is one of the best and most 
commodious harbors on Lake Michigan. It has a fine local trade, 
and ships large quantities of lumber, grain and fruit. A line of 
propellers furnishes daily communication with Chicago, and the 
interior is reached by steamboat and stage. The country all 
along the lake, and for several miles back, is specially adajJted to 
the culture of fruit, and has the appearance of being almost one 
continuous peach orchard. This is the point at which LaSalle 
with his retinue of explorers landed, when he discovered the 
mouth of the river. Here he built a fort, over which floated the 
flag of France, and here the cross was first displayed to the 
wondering gaze of the aborigines of the valley. A railroad up 
the St. Joseph river to connect with the two great east and west 
lines, and making a continuous route to the Ohio river, will very 
suddenly increase the importance of the town and the harbor. 



CONCLUSION. , 81 



coisroLXJSioisr. 



We have thus briefly gone over the proposed ground, following 
the river from its source to its mouth, and occasionally making 
diversions toward the borders of the valley. Of course the view 
which we have taken has been limited and imperfect. Our first 
purpose has been to exhibit, as fully as possible, the wonderful 
hydraulic capacity of the valley, and to sketch some of the great 
business advantages. Even this we have but imj)erfectly done ; 
yet we think enough has been presented to arrest the attention of 
the reader, and to stimulate a personal examination by those who 
are seeking locations for business or homes. From one end to the 
other of the valley there are numerous inducements for settle- 
ment. The climate is genial and equable ; the water is abundant 
and pure ; land is cheap and productive ; timber is plenty ; roads 
are good ; schools are excellent, and society intelligent and 
refined. No branch of industry is over-done, and good homes, 
cheap subsistence, and ample fortunes are sure to reward perse- 
vering and well-directed labor. If the foregoing pages serve to 
give direction to even a small portion of those who are seeking 
new homes and opportunities for usefulness, and assist in 
developing, in some degree, the dormant capabilities of the 
lovely Valley of the St. Joseph, the object of the writer will have 
been substantially attained. 



OFFIOEKS OF ST. JOSEPH COUNTY, INDIANA. 



Auditor — W, J. Hollo way. 
Treasurer — Ezekiel Green. 
Clerh—^. V. Clark. 
Jiecorder — R. J. Chestnutwood. 
Sheriff— ^o\. W. Palmer. 

Commissioners — Gilman Towle, J. C. Knoblock, Nathaniel 
Frame. 



COURTS. 

Circuit Court — First Mondays of March and September. Hon, 
Andrew J. O shorn, Judge. 

Court of Common Pleas — Third Mondays of January, May and 
September. Hon. Elisha Egbert, Judge. 



ST. JOSEPH COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. 

President — William F. Bulla. 
Vice President — Nathaniel Frame. 
Treasurer — William Miller. 
Secretary — Charles Towle. 



JUSTICES OF THE PEACE, SOUTH BEND. 

Benjamin AVall, 
William H. Stanfield, 
Jacob Hardman. 



OFFICERS OF THE 

INDIANA STATE BOAED OF AGEIOULTURE. 



President — Hon. A. D. Hamrick. .Hamrick's Station, Putnam Co. 

Vice President — Dr. John C. Helm Mmicie, Delaware Co. 

Treasurer — Carlos Dickson Indianapolis. 

General Superintendent — John B. Sullivan Indianapolis. 

Secretarij — A. J. Holmes Rochester, Fulton Co. 

{Office — State House, Indianapolis.) 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. 

Hon. A. D. Hamrick, President, Ex-officio. 
Hon. W. C. Danaldson, Hon. James D. Williams, 

J. A. Grosvenor, Joseph Poole. 



]\IEMBERS OF THE STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 

1st District — E. T. Cox New Harmony, Posey Co. 

2d District— Ron. J. D. Williams. .Pond Creek Mills, Knox Co. 

3f? District — John C. Shoemaker Rome, Perry Co. 

Ath District— John McCrea Bloomington. 

5t/i District — Benjamin North Rising Sun. 

Gt/i District — D. E. Rees Lawrenceburg. 

1th District — J. A. Grosvenor Indianapolis. 

Sth District — Hon. W. C. Danaldson Montezuma, Parke Co, 

9th District — Hon. A. D. Hamrick Putnam Co. 

lOth District — Alexander Heron Connorsville 

11th District — Dr. John C. Helm Muncie. 

12th District — Joseph Poole Attica, Fountain Co. 

ISth District — Hezekiah Caldwell Wabash. 

lith District — A. J. Holmes Rochester. 

15th District — John Sutherland Laporte. 

IQth District — Dr. George W. McConnell Angola. 



CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



The Post Office of South Bend is situated on the corner of Main 
and Market sti-eets. Edwin R. Farnum is postmaster. 

The city government of South Bend is composed as follows: 

Mayor — William E. George. 

Councilmen — 1st Ward: John Klingle, S. F. Myers. 

2d Ward : Thos. S. Stanfield, David Stover. 

3d Ward : Thos. W. Defrees, A. B. Merrett. 

4th Wai-d: A. Russworm, S. Parry. 
ClerJc — John Hagerty. 
Marshall — Jacob K. Huston. 
Street Commissioner — John A. Hartman. 
City Engineer — Mathias Stover. 
Chief of Fire Department — John Brownfield. 
City Attorney — Geo. Pfleger, Jr. 
Treasurer — J. B. Eaker. 



FIRE DEPARTMENT. 

Chief Engineer — John Brownfield. 

\st Assistant Engineer — Nathan Marsh. 

2^ " " William Mack. 

Engine Company^ No. 1 — E. P. Taylor, Foreman. 

" " " 2 — Benjamin White, Foreman. 

Eooh and Ladder Co. — John Brownfield, Foreman. 



CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 85 

The Masonic Organizations in South Bend are as follows : 
ST. JOSEPH LODGE No. 45. 

[Instituted in 1S12.] 

W. M. — George H. Alward. 
S. W.— Theodore Witherell. 
J. W. — Israel Belton. 
Treas. — D wight Deming. 
Secy.— M. A. Smith. 
S. D.— W. F. Gushing. 
J. D.— Ed. Turnock. 

SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 294. 

[Instituted In 18&3.] 

W. M.— O. H. Brusie. 

S. W. — Archibald Defrees. 

J, W. — Joseph Henderson. 

Treas. — Adam Barnhart. i 

Secy. — C. Souders. 

GERMANIA LODGE No. 301. 

[Instituted in 1865.] 

W. M.— John Klingle. 

S. W. — M. Livingston. 

J. W. — Charles Vinson. 

Treas. — Jacob Myers. 

Secy. — John Meussel. 

S. D.— John Zeitler. 

J. D. — Leonard Bock. 

Stewards. — Herman Yonker, Gerard Berger. 

Tyler. — Andrew Russworm. 



The Odd Fellows organizations are as follows : 
SOUTH BEND LODGE No. 29. 

[Instituted in 1846.] 

K G.— C. Studebaker. 
V. G.— M. L. Huey. 
Secy. — J. G. Vinson. 
Treas. — John Gallagher. 



86 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

SOUTH BEND ENCAMPMENT I. O. O. F. 

[Instituted in 1848.] 

C. p.— W. J. Hollo way. 
H. P.— S. W. Palmer. 
S. W.— V. G. Huey. 
J. W.— William Miller. 
S._A. Wheeler. 
Treas.— C. W. Martin. 



ROBERT BLUM LODGE. 

[Instituted in 18G7.] 

N. G.— J. G. Vinson. 
V. G.— G. Poehlman. 
Secy. — John Wagner. 
,Treas. — Frederick Grether. 



G003D TEIva:i>Ii^ft.I^S. 

GUIDING STAR LODGE No. 371. 

[Instituted in 1866.] 

^^r Q T _j^ 33 Metzger. 

W. V. T.— Miss Jennie Eaker. 

W. S. — James R. Davis. 

W. F. S.— Almon Bngbee. 

W. T.— Miss Mattie Bulla. 

W. M.— Marion Staley. 

W. D. M.— Miss Ritter. 

W. I. G, — Miss Alena Rees. 

W. O. G. — Washington Saunders. 

W. A. S.— Willis Bugbee. 

W. R. H. S.— Miss Lucretia Miller. 

W. L. H. S.— Miss Ritter. 

W. Chaplin — Elder Israel Beldon. 

P. W. C. T.— Corydon E. Fuller.. 



CITY OF SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 87 

YOUNG MEN'S ASSOCIATION. 

[Instituted in 1866.] 

President — Robert Johnson. 
Vice President — J. A. M. LaPierre. 
Cor. Secretary — Wm. S. Bartlett. 
Rec. Secretary — Washington Saunders. 
Treasurer — ^Alexander Ireland. 



GRAND ARMY OF THE REPBLIC. 

SOUTH BEND POST. 

P. C. — Alexander N. Thomas. 
Sen. P. C. — Daniel Dayton. 
Jun. P. C— Ed. Nicar. 
Adjutant — William Stover. 
Q. M.— D. Smith. 
Surgeon.— Dr. S. F. Myers. 
Chaplain. — L. G. Welton. 



CHURCHES IN SOUTH BEND. 

Methodist Ejjiscopal — North-west corner of Main and Jefferson 
streets. Rev. , pastor. 

Methodist Episcopal — (German,) — Lafayette street, between 
Washington and Jefierson. 

Presbyterian — South-west corner Washington and Lafayette 
streets. Rev. Walter Forsythe, pastor. 

Baptist — South-east corner Main and Jefferson streets. Rev. 
Thomas P. Campbell, pastor. 

Reformed Dutch — South-west corner Lafayette and Market 
streets. 

Lutheran — South-west corner Lafayette and Market streets. 
Rev. Phillip Wagner, pastor. Worship in the Reformed Dutch 
Church. 

Roman Catholic — (St. Patrick's,) — ^Division, between Scott and 
Chapin streets. Rev. P. P. Cooney, priest. 

Universalist — Main, between Washington and Jefierson streets. 
Rev. Nathaniel Crary, pastor. 

Disciples of Christ — Main, between Wayne and Division streets. 
Rev. Israel Belton, pastor. 



88 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

if. iSilf 1 ¥4IiIj1¥ llilSf 11 



NEWSPAPER, 

BOOK AND JOB PRINTINa 

AND 

A. BEAL & CO., Proprietors, 

No. 86 MICHIGAN STREET, 



THE PIE O-I STETl, 

Established in 1845, by Hon. Scuyler Colfax, has much the 
largest circulation of any paper in Northern Indiana, and is, 
therefore, an excellent MEDIUM FOR ADVERTISING. 

Subscriptions |2.00 per year in advance. Advertising rates 
reasonable. 

JOE -jp :r X isT 1 X isr G- . 

The Register Job Office is well supplied with Power Presses 
and material for excuting all kinds of JOB PRINTING in the best 
style ; and is daily turning out Avork equal to the best offices in 
the large cities and at much lower prices. 

book: b I isr id I tsto-. 
The Register Bindery is now in successful operation. All kinds 
of work executed in good style and at reasonable prices. A first 
class Ruling Machine is connected Avith the Bindery, and the 
various styles of Blank Work will be neatly and promptly 
executed. 

Orders from a distance for Job Printing, Binding, Ruling, etc., 
are solicited and satisfaction in all cases will be guaranteed. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 89 

MALE AND FEMALE. 

WEST END OF WASHINGTON ST., SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

0.^m 

President — D. Holmes, A. M., D. D., assisted by five Department 

Teachers. 



OmCEIlS OF THE BO-A.K.ID. 

Rev. John Thrush, Pres. F. B. Tutt, Esq., Vice President. A. 

Beal, Esq., Secretary. John Browufield, Esq., Treasurer. 

0-A.3L.E3SriD.A.It FOU- 186*7 <Se 1868. 

College Year is divided into two sessions of 20 weeks each. First 
session opens Wednesday, September 4th, 1867. Second session 
will begin Tuesday, February 4th, 1868; one week's vacation 
during holidays. Students may enter at any time. 

The Boarding Department, within the college building, is intend- 
ed for the special accommodation of young ladies. It is under 
the management of Rev. James Johnson and Lady, the latter hav- 
ing the position of Matron. The facilities of this department are 
equal to those of any similiar institution. 

EXIFEKTSES. 

Board in College Building with use of room per week, $3 00. 

Light and Fuel will be an extra charge, in no case to | , ^„ 
J 1 {-1 00. 

exceed per week, J 

Washing per dozen, 60. 

Janitor's Fee, per term, 1 00. . 

TTJITIOKT, FER, TEPlIvfl:. 

Minimum Department, $4 00. 

Medium, First Year, 5 00. 

Medium, Second Year, 6 00. 

Collegiate and Classical, according to grade of studies, 

7 00 to 10 00. 

Instrumental Music, including use of Instrument, 12 00. 

Modern Languages, each 5 00. 

Painting and Drawing, 4 00 to 6 00. 

Janitor's Fee must be paid when the name is enrolled. Tuition 
in advance. In cases of serious illness a deduction will be made, 
corresponding to time loss. Each Boarding Student is expected 
to furnish one half the bedding for one bed, except the straw mat- 
tress, two students occupying one room. Students will be required 
to furnish towels, napkins and toilet for their own use. 

Jt^^ For further information address the President of the insti- 
tution, or the Secretary of the Board of Trustees, at South Bend, 
Indiana. 

7 



90 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

THE NATIONAL UNION, 

A WEEKLY JOURNAL, 

PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY. 

OflBlce in Washington Block, (third Story,) 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 

The UNION is striving to become the best local paper in 
Northern Indiana. For that purpose unusual attention is devoted 
to everything pertaining to South Bend and St. Joseph county. It 
will always endeavor to maintain Democratic principles, using 
nothing but argument in attacking or replying to opponents. 

Selections of poetry and prose are always made with a strict 
regard to the highest order of taste ; and morality will be firmly 
defended. No parent need hesitate about allowing the UNION 
to be perused by the youngest members of his household. 

TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION : 

For One year, (in advance,) $2.00 

For Six months, " 1.25 

For Three months, " 75 



JOB PRINTING. 

CARDS, 

LETTER HEADS, 

CIRCULARS, and 

BLANKS, 

of all kinds done to order, on short notice. 

We do plain and fancy Printing, having on hand a good assort- 
ment of metal and wood type. 

JU^^ Our prices are reasonable, being on the "live and let live" 
■order. 

Communications on business, or enclosing subscriptions, sbould 
rbe addressed to 

E. MOLLOY & Co., 

Sontb Bendt Indiana. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 91 

Waal itttd f n^ttumftttal Mmt 



OF THE 



SOUTH BEND, IND. 

OFFICE AND MUSIC ROOM IN THE CITY, 

Room No. 1, Second Floor, St. Joseph Block, on Washington Street, 
Directly Opposite the Court House. 

In the Vocal Department I call special attention to the cultiva- 
tion of the voice, in private lessons and classes; embracing the 
delivery and registering of the voice ; accurate formation of tones 
and appropriate expression. This is attended to with the greatest 
care, and in accordance with the practice of the best teachers of 
the country, among whom are G. F. Root, C. Bassini, and others. 

In the Instrumental Department I am prepared to give instruction 
upon the Piano, Organ, Melodeon and Guitar. In either of the 
branches of Instrumental Music I claim a thorough presentation 
of the principles of music, and use as text books for the Piano, 
G. F. Root's unequalled "Curriculum," the most thorough and 
progressive course ever offered to the musical world. After com- 
pleting this work, the advanced studies of Listz, Chopin and 
others will be used when required. For the Organ, Johnson's 
improved Thorough Bass and Harmony combined, in connection 
with Rink's Voluntaries and Instructions in Pedal Harmony, etc. 
For the Guitar, Carcassi's Method, which is progressive and 
thorough in all its parts. 

PIANOS, MELODEONS AND ORG-ANS 

Furnished to customers at lowest retail rates, and none but good articles sold. 
Every instrument warranted for five years. 

Having had ten years experience in the sale of instruments and having been 
engaged in manufacturing, tuning and repairing a large portion of the time, I 
thoroughly understand every part of all kinds of musical instruments in use 
in this country, and will tune or repair such and guarantee satisfaction. Espe- 
cial attention given to tuning and repairing Pianos. New strings constantly 
on hand and will be furnished on order. Terms for tuning Pianos in the city : 

Single tuning $3.00 

Two tunings per year 5.00 

Three " " 6.00 

Cleaning Pianos 1.00 

Re-covering Hiimmers, according to materal need $15.00 to 25.00 

Old Pianos taken in exchange for new ones at reasonable rates. For further 
particulars call at my rooms in the St. Joseph Block, or N. I. College. 

South Bend, Sept., 1867. J. W. RUGGLES. 



92 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

FRONTING ON MICHIG-AN STREET, 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 

This is one of the largest, most convenient and best Halls in 
Northern Indiana. It is centrally located, and elegantly fitted 
up for 

Theatrical Performances, 

Concerts, 

Lectures, 

and all other purposes requiring ample room and good conve- 
niences. Terms moderate. Apply personally or by letter to 

D. M. SHIVELY, Proprietor, 

South Bend, Indiana. 



^@ 



F 



B. F. MILLER & SON, 

ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, SOUTH BEND, IND. 



Handbills, 

Posters, 

Programmes, 

Cards, 

Book Work, 

and all kinds of Plain and Ornamental Printing, neatly and 
promptly done. New Type, new Presses and new Material. All 
work warranted to give perfect satisfaction. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OP 



93 




Always on hand and for sale at the very lowest figures, 

Iron, Steel, Nails, Glass, Putty, Paints, Oils, Brushes and all kinds 

of Building Hardware. Also, 



Cooper and Carpenter's Tools, 

CIRCULAR, Mllili AND CROSS CUT SA\l^S, ROPES AND 
CORDAGE, CUT1.ERY, GI<UE, &c. 

All kinds of Tinwork made to order. 



AGENT'S FOR THE " LA BELLE," NAIL WORKS, 

WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA. 

Agents for Wm. Mann & Go's Mishawka Pattern Axes. Also, 
genuine Mishawaka Axes. 

Cor. Washington and MioMgan Sts., South Bend, Ind. 



94 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



LIVERY. 



LIVERY. 




PROPRIETORS, 

Opposite the St. Joseph Block, and one door west of the Court House, 



We spare no pains or expense, to keep always for the use of 
our customers and the public generally, 



JlH TOiBI 



mi 



IfJleiO 



mum 



And the most elegant Carriages to be found in the City. 

Our Prices are Liberal and our accommodations perfect; in fact, 
we are determined to give the most perfect satisfaction to all. 



SAFE DRIVERS FURNISHED WHEN REQUIRED. 

Large wagons on springs, for Parties and Pic-Nics. .^^^J 

HOUSES KEPT ON SALE AND BOAEDED. 



Cash paid for Oats, Corn and Hay. 



IMllfi^lf® ^ ©liM® ©@mtt M@m^t> Imi* 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 95 

O. LIPH^ET & CO. 

Wholesale and Retail Manufacturers of and Dealers in 

All kinds of Furniture, 

ON HAND OR MADE TO ORDER, 

SOFAS, LOUNGES, CHAIRS, OTTOMANS, 
CENTER, PARLOR, TEA AND EXTENSION 
TABLES, BUREAUS, BEDSTEADS, WASH- 
JSTANDS, OAK AND WALNUT CHAM- 
SETS, LOOKING GLASSES, 
&c. &c. &c. 




COFFI NS 

Of all prices and kinds constantly 
on hand. 



MICHIGAN ST., Soutli of St. Joseph Co., Bank, 



A. COQUILLAED, 

COR. MICHIGAN AND JEFFERSON STS., 

SOUTH BEND, - - INDIANA. 



Always on hand and for sale, all kinds and qualities of seasoned 
Lumber, Shingles, Lath, &c., including Boards, Plank, Scantling, 
Joists, Flooring, Siding, Fencing, &c. 

Cash at all times paid for Walnut, Oak, Ash, Cherry and Poplar 
Lumber. 

Full Bills for Buildings filled without delay and on Accommodating 
Terms. Call and see. 



96 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 




A. GOQUIIalMARD £ CO. 

AT THE 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA., 

CONTINtTE TO MANUFACTURE FOR THE WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE 

CARRIAGES, BUGGIES, WAGONS 

AND EVERYTHING IN THE VEHICLE LINE 

In the greatest variety and of the best materials and with refer- 
ence to the latest and most approved styles and patterns. We use 

MACHINERY OP THE MOST PERFECT KINDS, 

And employ none but the most capable and experienced mechanics 
that can be procured, in the various branches of our business. 

OUR TIMBER IS THOROUGHLY SEASONED 

And all materials are subjected to a RIGID INSPECTION. 

The success which has hitherto attended our enterprise we hold 
as an indication of public satisfaction, and we are determined to 
abate no eflfort to maintain the position we have attained. 

We have on hand at all times a large stock of articles in our 
line, which we intend to 

SELL AT VERY LOW PEICES, 

In fact, in no event will we be UNDERSOLD. Give us a call, or 
address, by letter, as above, when all information will be given. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



91 




Ef¥ llfilf 



i 



[opposite dwight house,] 

I. SKIlsrjSTEIl, Proprietor, 
No. 54 Michigan Street, 



THE BEST OF 

p Bmggiii am 

At all times, and at reasonable prices. 



SALE STABLE. 

Horses sold or exchanged on fair terms. 



Bo^RDi]sra. 

Horses boarded and taken care of in the best manner and satis- 
faction guaranteed. 



CASH PAID FOR CORN, OATS AND HAY. 

I. SKINNEK. 



98 Gazetteer of the st. joseph valley. 

NEW YORK CLOTHING STORE, 

PALMER'S NEW BUILEINS, SOUTH BEND, IND. 



Clotlilng of all kinds at I<owest Rates and of Best Quality. 



GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS, 

Including Collars, Cuffs, Gloves, Hoseries, Handkerchiefs, Shirts, 
&c., &c. A fine stock of 

Always on hand and made to order. 

HATS, CAPS, TRUNKS, SATCHELS, VALISES, ETC. 

Our motto is, Good Fits or no sale. None but the best workmen 
employed. Give us a call. 

LANTZ BRO'S & CO. 
GEO. F. LAYTON, 

[register building,] 

No. 86 Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind. 

Ofifers to the public a large and well selected stock of Drugs, 

Chemicals, Dye Stuffs, Druggists' Sundries, Proprietary 

Medicines, Perfumery, Cosmetics, Hair, Nail and 

Tooth Brushes, Hair Dyes and Hair Re- 

stoi'atives, all of unrivalled 

excellence. 

LUBRICATINa AND BURNING OILS. 

Physician's Prescriptions filled with accuracy and despatch at all 

times Puritas et Perfectios Probus Parotive. 

likewise : 

BLANK BOOKS, STATIONERY, A Geneneral Assortment, SCHOOL 
and COLLEGE TEXT BOOKS. 

Which will be sold as cheap as at any House in South Bend. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 

MARSH & MILLER, 

Wholesale Manufacturers of 




MOULDINGS, BRACKETS, &c., 

FACTORY ON THE EAST SIDE SOUTH BEND, IND. 

Planing, scroll sawing, and re-sawing of all descriptions done to 
order. Stair railing, balusters, Newel Posts, on hand or made as 
required. A large stock of sash, doors, blinds, moxddings and 
plain and ornamental fence pickets, constantly on hand. Dressed 
flooring, siding and finishing lumber for sale at all times. In short, 
everything requisite for finishing a house, can be had of best 
quality and on short notice, at this establishment. 



WW%^ 



m ii@ws^ 



^ 



SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, 
D. DEMIISTG, Proprietor. 

This House is first class in all respects. The bedding and 
furniture are all new, and the rooms neat, airy and commodious. 
Omnibuses at all the trains, for the Hotel or any part of 
the city. 

Stages leave this house daily for Niles, Berrien and St. Joseph, 
Michigan. 

Express coaches depart for Mishawaka, Notre Dame and St. 
Mary's, several times each day. 

GOOD STABLING. 



100 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

W. G. GEORGE, GEO. PFLEGER, JR. 




OmOE 0"VEII THE I=OSX OFFIOE, 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

Practice in the Supreme and Circuit Courts of the State, and in 
the Federal Courts. Collections Promptly attended to. 



George Pfleger, Jr., is Notary Public and Commissioner for the 
State of Pennsylvania. 



REED & COONLEY'S 





IN THE NEW BRICK BLOCK, 



On the comer of Michigan and Washington Streets. 



Pitted up by their superintendence, for tliem, has long been known to the 
residents of St. Joseph County, and doing business at South Bend, as one of 
the best in Northern Indiana. 

They claim all goods sold by them to be perfectly pure and strictly as repre- 
sented. They hope that a close attention to business, and honesty, will secure 
success. They treat all alike cordially, and wish success to all their numerous 
friends and customers. 

They always have on hand a large and complete stock of Drugs and Medi- 
cines, Linseed Oil and White Lead, all kinds of Paints and Painter's Goods. 
All the standard Patent Medicines of the day, Machine Oil and Fish Oil, 
Benzine and Turpentine, Varnishes of the best quality, Fruit Jars, Tobacco, 
Cigars and Pipes. We wish to satisfy all favoring us with a call. 

G. S. REED. D. M. COONLEY. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 101 

WITHERILL & CO. 

DEALERS IN 

Pure Silver and Plated Ware, Books, Stationery, Wall Paper and Window 
Shades, Watches, Clocks, &c., repaired in the best manner. The latest news- 
papers and periodicals always on hand 

No. 95 MICHIGAN STREET, 

NORTH OF TV^ASniNGTOlN STREET, SOFTH REND, INR. 

JOHN K. SELTZER, 

Dealer in all kinds of Groceries, Fruits, Fish, Vegetables, Glass, 

Queens and Stone Ware, Teas, Coffee and Sugars. Also, Flour, Meal, 
and all kinds of feed. Cash paid for Wheat, Corn, Oats, Fruit, and all sorts 
of country produce, at the 

COE. OP WASHINGTON & MICHIGAN STS., South Bend 

BULLA & ROSE, 

DEALERS IN 

HA-TS, CA.PS & FURS, 

Gloves and all kinds of Buffalo Robes, &c. Our prices are suited to the times, 
and to the general truth that " we will not be undersold." Call and see us and 
we guarantee satisfaction, 

92 MICHIGAN ST., ^^f- Market db Washington, 

Next Door to Cuslilng's Rruj^ Store, South If end, Indiana. 
TREATMENT OF CHRONIC DISEASES BY 

Drs. L. FAGIlSr &, BROS., 

NEW SCHOOL PHYSICIANS, SOUTH BEND, IND. 

We make no pretentions of ability to cure ALL disease ; we leave such arrogant and dis- 
honest assumption to the horde of unprincipled quacks who prey upon the community. But 
we do claim to have made many VALUABLE DISCOVERIES in Medical Science, by which 
we are enabled, not only to afford temporary relief, but to eft'ect KADICAL CURES in many 
cases of Chronic Disease which have been pronounced hopeless by other physicians. Devote- 
ing, as we do, our entire attention to diseases of a chronic nature, we deem it no impudent 
assumption to claim GREATER SKILL than can reasonably be expected of those who divide 
their time between acute and chronic complaints. 

We have opened a large and convenient office in South Bend, Indiana, where one of us 
may at any time be consulted FREE OF CHARGE by all who are suffering from any chronic 
complaint. For full particulars as to our principles in the treatment of disease, as well as for 
explicit directions to those desiring to consult us by letter, send for a copy of our paper, 
which will be mailed gratis to any address. Address as above. 



102 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



.©Ii©@l8 



— FOR 

BOYS AND YOUNG MEN. 



This School is Adjacent to St. Patrick's Church, 

ON DIVISION, BET. SCOTT AND CHAPIN STS. 



The building is 50x35 feet, with a ceiling 18 feet high, and it is divided by a 
folding partition into two divisions ; tlius malcing two of the most commodious 
study halls in tlie city. Both these halls may be thrown into one, when re- 
quired ; and as they are separated from ihe church by a folding partition, they 
may be added to it on occasions of public service or religious lectures. The 
windows are so adjusted as to admit the upper sash to slide downwards, thus 
admitting a continuous supply of fresh air, so necessary for the health and 
comfort of students. 

The desks are constructed on an entirely new and convenient plan, projected 
by Father Cooney, to avoid the inconvenience and noise unavoidable with the 
ordinary desks, accompanied with chairs. 

No chairs are used, and the seats and desks are so fixed that in a few 
seconds they may be changed into ordinary pews, thus making it very conve- 
nient for lectures, &c. 

The school was organised by Father Cooney, in November, 1866, and con- 
sists of two departments, or divisions, according to the capacity and age of 
the pupils. In these departments the pupils are sub-divided into classes to 
suit the wants and contribute to the advancement of each scholar. 

The school is under the continual supervision of the Pastor, and the classes 
are taught by the Brothers of the Holy Cross, who are thoroughly prepared 
for teaching, which their vocation requires them to make the business of their 
life. 

All the preparatory branches, together with Book-keeping, Algebra, Geom- 
etry, and everything connected with a thorough English education, are taught 
in this school, thus preparing young men for any business, except the learned 
professions. 

The school is open to all denominations. Religion is taught only to Catholic 
pupils. But the principles of morality are to be strictly followed by all, 
together with a strict adherence to propriety of language and manners, with- 
out which neither order nor discipline could be maintained in any school, and 
the desired advancement of the pupils would be impossible. 

As education is the only object of the school, the terms are very moderate. 

The scholastic year commences on the first Monday of September. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 103 




NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, 

Is situated on a beautiful drive, two miles from the tlirivlng city of South Bend, and one mile 
from the University of Notre Dame. It is conducted by the SISTERS OF HOLY CROSS, 
ladies whose talent and energy, together with the cordial co-operation of the public, have 
secured to Indiana one of the most desirable institutions for the education of young ladies in 
the United States. 

The Location 

Is one most fortunately chosen, the rapid and health-imparting waters of the St. Joseph River, 
encircling the eminence on which it stands, and the wooded banks aflfording a pleasant 
theater for vigorous sports and delightful rambles. 

The G-rounds 

Are charmingly laid out, and ornamented with summer-houses, fountains, shrines and statu- 
ary, presenting a landscape to extort the admiration of the most indifferent. 

The seclusion from the town — so promotive of study — is more than compensated for, by 
the great attention paid to healthful amusements, which is a strong feature of the system 
observed at St. Mary's ; indeed no expense is spared to render the young ladies cheerful and 
happy while pursuing their classical course. 

The Buildings 

Are large and well appointed, heated throughout by steam, furnished with hot and cold baths, 
and perfectly ventilated. They are also tastefully adorned with choice paintings, statues and 
oratories, the handsome Music Hall being supplied with harps, guitars, and thirty pianos, all 
kept in constant use. 

The Laboratory 

Possessess an excellent Philosophical Apparatus, and an extensive Herbarium of foreign and 
native plants is attached to the Botanical department. 

The Plan of Teaching 

With the Sisters of Holy Cross, is to incorporate the accomplishments upon a sound moral 
and scientific basis, thus to render them but the just expression of an interior culture, rather 
than a gilded mask to conceal a total deficiency of sound education, which we too frequently 
find them. 

Literary and Scientific Lectures 

Are afibrded the pupils through the year by accomplished professors from the University of 
Notre Dame. Excellent facilities are also enjoyed for the study of Latin, while the modern 
languages receive due attention. French and German being the native tongues of several of 
the teachers, they are spoken in the Academy, and fluency encouraged by stated Conversa- 
tions held in the hours of recreation. 

The corps of Musical Instructors is unsurpassed, and many pupils enter for the sole 
object of acquiring this branch. Distinguished Professors are employed in "Vocal Music, as 
also in the essential art of Elocution. 

The Disciplinary Government 

Is mild, and conducted with such energy and vigilance as always to secure perfect order and 
regularity. The young ladies are kept within the line of duty more by a sense of honor and 
justice than by fear of punishment. Pupils become the children of the House, the Sisters 
watching over their best interests with the solicitude of mothers. 

Non-Catholic pupils are received, and are only required, for the sake of uniformity, to 
assist at the public and regular exercises of Religion with propriety and decorum. 

A daily line of carriages is established between the Academy and the city of South Bend. 



104 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

SPENCEKIAN COMMERCIAL COLLEGE, 

Opposite the Court House, SOUTH BEND, IND. 

Student are here perfected m a thorough business education. The system 

pursued is of so practical a character tliat graduates are competent to enter at 

once upon the active duties of a business life. Students from abroad can be 

accomodated with board at reasonable rates. The country offers no better 

opportunity for obtaining a good business education. Professors and teachers 

are all competent and experienced men. Frequent lectures on commercial 

law and other topics. 

ADAMS & SUMPTION. 

WHOLESALE DEALEBS IN 

BOOTS, SHOES, LEATHER AND FINDINOS, 

A large stock of Ladies', Misses', Children's, Men's and Boy's Boots and Shoes 
of latest style at all times on hand and for sale at the very lowest prices. 
Boots and Shoes made to order. Repairing done. 

Call and examine our goods and we pledge ourselves that prices and quality 
shall suit. 

■Washington, N. E. cor. Main Street, opposite Odd Fellows' Hall, 
soxjTH BEnsriD, iisriD. 



'Washington Street, corner of Main, | QOTTTIT P5TT'"NrF) T"WD 

OPPOSITE ODD fellows' HALL, ) OV-/ U J- XX DUiXM-/, Xl.'SXJ. 

ALL KINDS OP 

STAPLE AND FANCY DRY QOODS, 

Of most fashionable styles, and Ladies' and Gentlemen's Furnishing Goods. 

Keeps constantly on hand Hats, Caps, Zephyrs, Beltings, Nets, 
Buttons, Gloves, Slipper Patterns, Hosiery, Collars, Under Shirts, 
Drawers, Hoop Skirts, Corsets, &c. My motto is " Cheaper than 
the Cheapest." M. FRIEDBERGER. 

LEMEN, GRETHER & CO., 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 

l®®f i, SMSIS, 1141 ail ailHPIlSS 

All of which will be sold very low for cash. We have a com- 
plete stock of Ladies', Misses', Children's, Men's and Boy's 
wear of the latest and most fashionable style, and in 
great variety. Work made to order and war- 
ranted. Repairing done. 

No. 1 Odd Fellows' Block, opposite the court house. SOUTH BEND, IND. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 105 

Established in 1852. 




Manufacturers of Heavy and Light 




FARM AND FREIGHT WAGONS, 
MiCHICAN STREET, 



e 



« 



We invite particular attention to the superiority of our FARM 
WAGONS, at prices that defy competition. 

Photographs of Buggies and Carriages sent to customers on 
application by letter. Farmers, Teamsters, Freighters and the 
public generally are invited to call and examine our work before 
purchasing. 

Having had many years experience in this line of manufacture, 
we believe that our judgment in selecting materials, the skill of 
our workmen, together with the ample facilities in the way of 
machinery which we possess, will warrant us in representing our 
work equal, if not 

SUPERIOR TO ANY MANUFACTURED IN THE COUNTRY, 

And that we are justified in CHALLENGING COMPARISON 

with any and all manufactories, for excellence in material and 
workmanship. 



0, Studebaker, 

Financial Manager. 
8 



J. M. Studebaker, 



L, P. E. Studebaker, 

Gen. Manager of Manufactory. Salesman. 



106 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

AW 



ATTORMEir AT IiAlRT, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



'■ I HAVE IN MY OFFICE A 



SET OF ABSTRACT BOOKS, 

Showing all the recorded Deeds, Mortgages, Wills, Tax Sales and 

Judgments of or aiFecting the title to real estate in 

St. Joseph county. 

I can tell the title to any farm or town lot in this county at a 
glance. Will furnish written and guaranteed abstracts of title on 
special contract, when desired. 

A. ANDBESON. 

J. A. CHOCKELT, 

Jefferson Street, michiganT mIin sts., South Bend, Ind. 



MANUFACTURER OF 



FARM AND SPRING- WAQONS, 

And all kinds of Carriages, Buggies, Sulkies, Sleighs and Bobs. Repairing 
done promptly and in the best manner. HORSE SHOEING and 
BLACKSMITHING in all its departments attended to by experienced 
workmen. This establishment is not as large as some others, but the quality 
of work cannot be excelled, and in prices we defy competition. All work 
warranted. Farmers and others giving us a call will see that these things are so. 

East Side of Michigan Street, one door South of Shively's Block, 

SOUTH BEND, IND., 

Have on hand a full and well selected stock of 

Hardware, Cutlery, Tinware, Stoves, 

And generally all articles in their line of business, which they offer at the 
very lowest prices which small profits and quick sales will justify. A prac- 
tical knowledge of the business and strict attention to all its details will, we 
trust, insure perfect satisfaction. All kinds of tin work made to order, and 
repairing done. Our stock of stoves is very full. Give us a call and we 
guarantee satisfaction. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



107 



CITY HAT, CAP & FUR STORE. 




The larorest and best assortment in the city. 
SEWING MACHINE AGENTS. 



Also GENERAL 



No. 3 TVasIiington Block, 
Sigu of tlie Big Hat, 



Washington St., South Bend, Ind. 



FOR SCHOLARS OP BOTH SEXSS. 



m%h 



This School, so favorably known, is now open for the reception 
of students. The business of teaching has long been a speciality 
with the conductors of this school, and they are determined to 
continue to merit the approbation of the public. Terms adjusted 
on application. School Rooms in Commercial College Block, 
opposite the Court House, South Bend, Indiana. 

IJ^^ Mr. Sumption is Examiner of Schools of St. Joseph county. 

ADAMS &. SUMPTION. 



KNOBLOCK BROTHERS, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

IMPROVED EXTENSION TABLES, 

ORDERS KINDL Y SOLICITED. P. O. Box 115. 



1C8 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 




SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 109 

;1 lAll. 

Iti, ^mm^^h. ©@mmtF?) laliama® 



THIS Institution, incorporated in 1844, enlarged in 1866, and fitted up with 
all modern improvements, affords accommodations to five hundred students. 
Situated near the M. S. & N. I. Railroad, it is of easy access from all parts of 
the United States. Nearly one thousand acres of land are attached to the 
College, all of which is well adapted both by nature and art for college pur- 
poses. The studies pursued are wide in their range, and instruction careful 
and thorough. A kind and parental care is exercised over all the students, 
and the utmost attention paid to health and morals. 

TERMS; 

Matriculation Fee, $ 5 00 

Board, Bed and Bedding, and Tuition, (Latin and Greek included,) wash- 
ing and Mending of Linen, Doctor's Fees and Medicine and Attend- 
ance in sickness, per session of five mouth 152 50 

French, German, Italian, Spanish and Hebrew, each 10 00 

Instrumental Music 12 50 

Use of Piano 10 00 

Use of Violin 2 00 

Drawing 10 00 

Use of Philosophical and Chemical Apparatus 5 00 

Graduation Fee 10 00 

Students who spend their summer vacation at the College are charged 
extra 35 00 

Payments to be made invariably in Advance. 

Class Books, Stationery, &c., furnished at Current Prices. 



»«» 



No expenditure for Clothing nor advances for Pocket Money will be made 
by the Institution, unless an equivalent sum of money be deposited with the 
Treasurer of the College. 

Each Student on entering must be provided with. 
6 Shirts, 3 Pairs Boots or Shoes, 

6 Pocket Handkerchiefs, 2 Suits of Clothes for Winter, 

6 Pairs Stockings, 2 " " " " " 

6 Towels, 1 Overcoat, 

6 Napkins, 1 Table Knife, 1 Fork, 1 Tea Spoon, 

1 Hat, 1 Tablespoon, 

1 Cap, Combs, Brushes, «fec., for Toilet. 

The first Session begins on the first Tuesday of September, 
the second on the first of February. 

For further Particulars, address, 

REV. W. COBBY, C. S. C, Pres't. 

N. B. Express charges on parcels to the Students should be pre paid. 



no 



GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



JACOB STRAYER'S PATENTS, 




3 

Ph 



^)0)m 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. Ill 

STATESMAN 




I^.A.nsrTJF-A-CTXJIlEX> B^52- 



JACOB STRAYER & CO., 



3 3 3 



We are now manufacturing the above celebrated Drill, with 
eight and ten hoes, double rank, with grass seed sower and sur- 
veyor, all warranted to sow wheat, rye, oats, barley, timothy and 
clover seed, and to be quickly regulated to sow any quantity per 
acre that may be desired. 

This drill has taken many premiums at State and County Fairs, 
and what is even better, has stood the test of experience for the 
last seven years. It has been several times improved since the 
first Patent was issued, and now claims to be as near perfection 
as any other article of Agricultural Machinery. The Drill is 

ALL THAT FARMERS CAN WISH. 

Try one and you will have no reason to regret it. DriUs are 
delivered on board the cars at South Bend, free of charge. 

Those desiring Drills should apply to our Agents, or write to 
the Manufacturers in time. Delaying until seeding time may 
result in being too late for the season. 

For prices see our Agents, or write to the Manufacturers. 

JACOB STRAYER & CO. 



112 



GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 




ILIiIA 



y' 



OVER KNOBLOCK & BUCHTEL'S STORE, 



"VV^SHIN^aTON" ST., 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 



We have furnished the above Parlor with FOUR of 
And fitted up for the comfort and quiet of visitors. 

The best of Order will at all times be observed. 

LOVERS OF THE GAME ARE INVITED TO GIVE US A CALL. 

S. LEWIS & SON. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



113 




® 



m: 



aniPiTj 



MANUFACTURE 



INCLUDING 



LIG-HT BUGGIES, 

HEAVY BUGaiES, 

OPEN BUGG-IES, 

TOP BUGG-IES. 

Photographs sent on application by letter. Buggies will be 
manufactured to order in any desirable style. We have a full 
force of hands specially engaged on this class of work. 

Studebaker Brothers pay particular attention to all improve- 
ments in this branch of their business, and do not permit any 
improvements to escape their notice. 

.A-LXi "work: "w'uA.i^R-A.asrTEiD 
To give full and perfect satisfaction. 

Address, or call and see Studebaker Brothers, South Bend, 
Ind., or at ST. JOSEPH, MISSOURI. 



C. SIUBEBAKEB. 



F. E. STUDEBAEEB. 



J. M. STT7DEBAEEB. 



114 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



D, h:a_tch, 

SOUTH BEND, INDBANA, 

Offers to the public generally, the advantages of 






In all departments. The location is convenient, the stock and 
carriages of the best kind and the prices reasonable. No pains 
will be spared to give perfect satisfaction. 

HOESES BOARDED and taken care of in the Best Manner. 

Excellent accommodations and good ficilities for those wishing 
to sell or exchange horses. Cash paid for feed and hay. 



mm 



1. 1® SIB a TAiaiY 



FINCH & BROTHER, Proprietors, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

This Parlor, now located in the Third Story of the Washington 
Building, corner of Washington and Main streets, will on the 1st 
of November, 1867, be removed to a spacious room, on the ground 
floor of the OPERA HOUSE, now building, on Washington 
street, opposite the Court House. We shall put in five Tables 
with Shulenburg & Co.'s new Patent Cushions, which are war- 
ranted to us as superior to any other Tables in the world. 

Tlie St. Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors will be conducted on 
strict temperance principles, and while we shall endeavor to 
afford first class facilities for amusement to those who love the 
noble game, we shall at all times, insist on the most perfect order 
and give no favor to rowdyism or dissipation. We invite gentle- 
ment to our Parlors and expect all who call to be such. The game 
of billiards disgraces no one, and no one ought to disgrace it. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



115 




A. COQUILLARD, 



Corner of Washington & Jefferson Sts., 
SOUTH BEND, - - INDIANA, 

Is prepared to furnish the public with Horses, Carriages, Buggies, 
&e., at all times and of the most superior kind and quality. I 
intend to give citizens and strangers perfect satisfaction. 

Horses exchanged or sold to advantage, and on very reasonable 
terms. 

CASH PAID FOR HAY, GRAIN AND FEED. 



The City Supply Store of Knoblock & Bnchtel 
can supply all articles needed in keeping house. 
They sell more G-oods than any other G-rocery 
House in the city. Flouring Mill and Bakery 
in connection. 

"When you start out to buy go straight to Knoblock & 
Buchtel's ; and if you cannot go yourself, send your child 
with the order and they will deal fairly, and deliver the Goods 
without extra charge. They are also prepared to sell at 
Wholesale. 

The above are facts, and we challenge successful contra- 
diction. 

MANY CITIZENS, 
Of South Bend and St. Joseph County. 



116 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 




SOUTH BEND, IND. 



UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE 



This Institution is beautifully situated on a most eligible, ele- 
vated and spacious lot, half way between the Court House and 
the depot. The building has just been finished, at a cost of 
nearly $20,000. The extei-ior elegance of the building, standing 
in full view at the head of Wayne street, and the rare and excel- 
lent taste with which the grounds are laid out, make it unques- 
tionably one of the most conspicuous and attractive spots in the 
city. 

Here, as everywhere else, after ordinary difficulties and exer- 
tions, the Sisters' School has become deservedly populai*. The 
class of pupils thronging their halls are, of course, in keeping 
with their superior accommodations and the care bestowed upon 
them. It is unnecessary to say that the internal arrangements are 
all that can be desired for the comfort and advancement of young 
ladies at school. 

A few steps from the main building, and in a separate little cot- 
tage, the Sisters have opened a minims school for young boys 
under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a 
want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender 
age, if they go to school at aU, are thronged into schools, among 
boys of more advanced age, and they seldom learn much, except 
what is detrimental to their manners and morals. Under the mild 
government of the Sisters, who perform, in their regard, the duties 
of the best mothers, their condition is far different. This every 
parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude, therefore, 
which parents must feel for theii* children at that age, will doubt- 
less bring this department a liberal patronage. 

Particular attention paid to teaching the French and German 
languages. To accommodate a large number who desire to 
obtain a perfect knowledge of German, arrangements have been 
made for a native German teacher of elegant acquirements. 

Terms are very moderate. Number of pupils attending the 
Academy last term, one hundred and fifty-five. 



SOUTH BEND ADVEKTISEMEXTS. 



117 



Choice White Winter Wheat Flour, 

Choice Red Winter Wheat Flonr, 

Choice Graham Flour, 

Choice Rye Flour, 

Choice Buck'wheat Flour, 

Choice Corn Meal, 

Choice Hominy, 

Orders for any of the above shall receive our Best Atten- 
tion, In our CUSTOM GRINDING we Warrant Entire Satis- 
faction. 



@^ 



lUi^ 



PK, MMT- 



u.\ 



PROPRIETORS, 

ST. JOSEPH CUSTOM MILLS, 



mu 



fipl 



11,: 



iiiiAim. 



Devoted to the Caltnrc of Small Frnits, 

Strawberries, Easpberries, Blackberries, Grapes, &c., 

Particular attention paid to Selling Plants. New varieties always on hand. 
Catalogues on application. 

Washington Street, Near N. I. College, SOUTH BEND, IND. 
T. a. TURNER, 



mww] 



mmm, mmiAWA. 



CHAPIN & GUSHING-, 

DEALEBS IN 

Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind. 



118 



GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



ee. w, h. hahfoed, 
DEInTTIST, 

All branches of the Business promptly 

attended to in the most scientific 

and artistic manner, 

Office m Odd Fellows' Buildings, 

Corner Washington and Main Steets, 
SOUTH BEIVD, IND. 



A. G. & W. F. OUSHDTG, 



AND DEALERS IN 



Paints, Oils, Glass, Etc., 

MICHIGAN STKEET, 
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



Bookseller, Stationer, 

AND NEWS AGENT, 

DEALER IN 

Sheet Music and Fancy Goods, 

WASHINGTON ST., 
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



J. N. CORNING, 



DEALER IN 



Pine, Oak and Poplar 

LXJM B E R, 

LATS, 

Cor. MAIN & DIVISION STREETS, 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 



D. M. SHIVELY, 

DEALER IN 

STAPI.E AND FANCY 



CARPETS m 88EAT VARIETV, 
shively's block, 

Cor. "Washington & Michigan Sts., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



MISS FLOBA L. TURNER, 

TEACHER OF 



m 



SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



Anderson, King & Alexander, 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

WHEELS & WHEEL MATERIAL 

FOR WAOONe, OARRIAOES 
And Agricultural Machines, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

A liberal discount on large lots and to those 
who buy to sell again. 



VAN SICKLE'S 



COLFAX'S STONE FRONT, 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

Beautiful Photographs, Ambrotypes, 
Porcelain and Ivory types in every style 
and variety. Photographs colored in 
India ink, oil or water colors. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



119 



J. B. LOTT, 

Barber & Hair Dresser^ 

All Kinds of Perfumery for sale, 

WASHINGTON ST., 
OverKnoblock's Store, South Bend, Ind. 



FRANZ BAUER, JR., 

Amm & Cigais 

Of best quality, in connectiou with 

s A.LOoisr, 

Best of Liquors and Lager Beer, 

WASHINGTON ST., 
Between Main and Michigan, 



MARTIN & SMITH, 

Manafactarers of 

OF ALL KINDS. 

Orders \rill be Promptly Filled. 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



JAMES BONNET'S 



1^1^ 



f'l "3^ 



Pictures Finished in 

Oil, "Water Colors and India Ink. 

Picture Frames, &c., for Sale, 
S. W. corner Washington & Michigan Sts., 



ED. GILLEN, 

DEAI.EB IN ALL KINDS OP 

Liquors, Cigars and Fruits, 

FRESH OYSTERS 
At Wholesale and Retail, 

Washington St., bet. Main & Michigan, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



C. W. MARTIN, 

MANUFACTUUEK OF 

mm, mmi, 

BRIDLES, &c. 
WHIPS, HALTEHS, TRIMMINGS 

And everything in his line for sale. 

East side of Michigan Street, 

Bet. Washington & Marliet, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



JOHN H. KEEDY, 

Manufacturer of Custom and Shipping 

FLOXJR, 

Ship Stuffs, Middlings, Bran, due., 

FOR SALE. 
CA"H PAID FOR WHEAT at ALL TIMES. 

OflBce near cor. Michigan & Market Sts., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



J. W. STOVER, M. D., 

RESIDEKCE AND OFFICE : 

East Side of Main, cor. Centre St., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



120 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



C. H. MIDDLETON, 

Office In Colfax Block, 

Michigan Street, South Bend, Ind. 

DR. CHAS. H. APPLEGATE, 

Office with Dr. Middleton. 



DEALER m 



Glass Ware, Fruits, Fish, Teas, 
Wood, Stone & Willow Ware, 

WASHINGTON ST., 

SOUTH BEND, - - - INDIANA. 



HOM(EOPATHIST 



DR. L. J. HAM, 

Office on WASHINGTON ST., 

2(1 door west of Court House, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



WOOLEN MILLS. 

ALEXANDER C. STALEY. 

Casli paid for Wool. Work Promptly Done. 
ON THE EAST SIDE, 

NEAR THE DAM. 



STOCKFORD & KENT, 

HOUSE, SIGN AND FANCY 



OFFICE : 

MICHIGAN ST., WEST SIDE, 

Between Washington & Lafayette Sts., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



Dr. C. F. E^flEVIUS, 

DENTIST, 

OFFICE ; 

Cor. Michigan & Washington Streets. 

Alili AVORK WARRANTED. 



MAIN STREET, 
First Door North of the Methodist Church, 

SOTTH B11B-, II©<. 



YOUNG & MERRIMAN, 

CONFEOTIONERV AND 

Ice Cream Saloon, 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in 



f Hit S, ®¥if 111 

SEGARS & TOBACCO, 

WASHINGTON STREET, 

Next door east of Odd Fellows' Block, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



121 



CEO. HACEN, 

BILLIARD SALOON 

THREE FIRST CLASS TABLES, 

LAGER BEER, WINE & CIGARS, 

Of Best Quality. 

Order and Sobriety always maintained, 
MAIN STREET, 

OPPOSITE ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 



DR S. F. MYERS, 



& 



A. B. CLIFFORD 



mM 






GROCERIES, 

Confectionery, Fruits, Notions, &c. 

No. 3 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 

SOUTH BEND/IND. 



OFFICE : 

Comer Market and Michigan Streets, 

Opposite the Bank, 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 



MERCHANT TAILOR 

AND CLOTHIER, 
WASHINGTON STREET, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



Garments cut and made to order. Fur- 
nishing Goods for sale. 



WILLIAM MILLER. 

Keeps for sale all kinds of 

LEATHER AT HIS TANNERY, 

— AND — 

Flour, Meal & Feed at Ms Mill. 

Cash paid for Hides, Barli, VYIieat, &c., 

AT EITHER PLACE, IN 

JOHN TREANOR, 



'» 



DEALER IN 



Paints, Oils & Groceries 

ALSO, 

Pure Liquors and Patent Medicines 

OF ALL KINDS. 

WASHINGTON ST., 
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

9 



ALBERT MC DONALD. 



Portrait, Landscape. Architectoral 

— AND — 

SKY y©MT PH)@T@@R1APICS. 

All kinds of Frames. Large "Work a 

Speciality.'j 

BARRETT'S BUILDING, 

SOITTBE BEND, IND. 



Wi 



Attorney at Law, 



S'O'^TH BUnB', mB"! 



122 



GAZETTEER OF THK ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



HARPER & MASSEY, 



DEALERS IN 



Dry Goods, Groceries, 

Cor. Washington & Main Sts., 

SOUTH BENB, IND. 



C. a HODSON, 

CARPER iBUILDfR, 

FOOT OF WASHINGTON ST., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

Jobbing done at Short Notice. 



Wholesale Manufacturers of 
WOOD AND CANE SEAT 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



HEETSELL & HAETMAN, 

MANUFACTURERS OP 

Sash, Doors and Blinds, 

Planing & Sawing done to order. 



GEO. HERTZELL. 



CHAS. HARTMAN. 



L. HUMPHREYS, M. D., 

Physician and Surgeon, 

OFFICE OVER EACLE 8T0RE, 
WASHINGTON STREET, 

SOUTH BEND, ... INDIANA. 



DENTIST, 

Office on MICHIGAN ST., 
SOUTH BEND, IND. 



J. B. ARNOLD, JR., 



4 



AND EEAL ESTATE AGENT, 

Cor. "Washington & Main Sts., 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



CHAHLES VINSON, 

BUTCHER, 



AND DEALER IN 



Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, 

WASHINGTON ST., 

Between Main and Michigan, 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



123 



J. BKOWNFIELD, 



DEALER IN 



Groceries, Crockery, Salt, 

PLASTER, WOOIi, ^kc. 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



^t> 



mORNfYS AT m, 

No. 5 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

NORMAN EDDY. JOSEPH HENDERSON, 



DEALERS IN 

STAPLE AND FANCY 

Dry Goods, 

MICHIGAN STREET, 

SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

J. H. DUNN. H. O. VAN TUTL. H. S. 8TANFIELD. 



H. J. BLOWNEY, 

DEALER IN 

Paints, Oils, Varnishes, 

MAIN STREET, 
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 

All kinds of Painting executed to order. 



MUSSEL BROS., 



DEALERS IN 



aEOCERIES 

CIGARS & TOEACCO, 

CROCKERY & GLASS WARE, 

No. 2 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

G. C. MUSSEL. J. M. MUSSEL. 



EDWARD BUYSSE, 



RANDOLPH LABERDIE, 

DEALER IN 

AND JEWELRY, 

Also, in all kinds of 

laa©F ^@@& ^^@y@i) 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



DEALER IN 



AND JEWELRY, 

ST. JOSEm BLOCI^a 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 

Kepairing done in superior style and warrantea. 



THE K0RTHWE8TERN " EXCEL8J0R " 

MANUFACTURING COMPANY. 
rULSOM, ILSLEY & CO., 

Will supply the trade with fine, coarse 
and medium 

EXCELSIOR 

For Upholstering, Mattresses, and for 
manufacturing Paper. Also for pack- 
ing merchandise. 

SOI'TH BEND, IND. 



124 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

V. R. TX7TT. W. N. SEVERANCE. 

TUTT & SEVERANCE, 

Office No. 4 Odd Fellows' Block, Cor. Main & Washineton Sts., 
SOUTH BEND, INDIANA. 



JACOB HARDMAN, 

f Will®® @W I^M® gl4®®j 

OFFICE NORTH END OF ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 

UP STAIRS, 

JAMES DAYIS, 

OFFICE No. 8 ODD FELLOWS' BUILDING, 

THOS. S. STANFIELD. ED. P. STANFIELD. 

ATTORNEYS AT LAW, 

Old Office of Stanfleld & Anderson, Lafayette Street, 

SOUTH BEND, IND. 



SOUTH BEND ADVEKTISEMENTS, 



125 




OLIVER, BISSELL & CO., 

South. Bend, - - - - Indiana, 

Are prepared to Manufacture all kinds of 

MACHINERY CASTINGS, 
PULLIES, 

HANaERS, 

SHAFTINQ, &c. 

Also, Manufactured and always on hand, 

Steel <£ Cast Iron. PIows^ 



OP THE MOST APPROVED PATTERNS, 



^m, 



SCRAPERS, 

Plo^w^ Castings, Plo^w^ Points, 

And generally everything in the Casting Line. 

Our patterns are mostly new and of the latest styles. Patterns 
made for any desired castings. We pay personal attention to our 
business, and having had long experience, expect to be able to 
give the most perfect satisfaction. Call on or address 

OLIVER, BISSELL & CO. 

South Bend, Ind. 



126 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

THE GREAT 

CARRIAGE & WAGON FACTORY 
At South Bend, Indiana. 



STUDEBAKER BROS. 



The Arrangements for 1867 and 1868 are Complete. 



Founded in 1852 with willing hands and stout hearts, but no 
capital. We have struggled upward, overcoming all discourage- 
ments, until to-day we employ 

One Hundred and Thirty Hands, 

And turn out MORE WORK than any other Wagon Factory in 
Indiana. We are willing to abide by the injunction " by their 
works ye shall know them." Let our works praise us; we ask no 
other indorsement. We claim to be 

Unsurpassed in excellence of Workmansliip and Material, 

And we make our prices such that no prudent man will claim to 
undersell us. On this base we plant our flag, and here we propose 
to fight to the end. Confident of our ability we declare to all 
men that we will not surrender while a "shot remains in the 
locker," nor while we have the means to justify our proposed end, 
which we assert to be 

ENTIRE AND UNCONDITIONAL SUCCESS. 

Our reputation, our interests, "all we are and all hope to be," 
ai'e involved in making good our pledges, and all we ask is that 
the public will give us a trial. If we are able, as we know we 
ai'e, to maintain ourselves agains all opposition, we will vindicate 
our motto, 

"ZASO^ OMJVJA riJVCIT." 

Our stock is complete and perfect. Wagons, Carriages, Bug- 
gies, Sleighs, and all vehicles always on hand in great variety, or 
made to order with dispatch. 

STUDEBAKER BROTHERS. 



SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 127 

TH[ SOOTH BfND HYDRiOUC COMPiNY. 

This Company has recently greatly Improved the 

Eace on the East Side of the St. Joseph River, 

at the city of South Bend, and have put in New and Substantial 
Head-Gates, One Hundred feet Wide. Although the Power here 
is not as yet developed to its full capacity, there is sufficient now 
available for several large manufacturing establishments in addi- 
tion to those already in operation. The location is most excellent. 
The lots are large, and water abundant. A portion of this Power 
the Company propose to Lease or Sell to persons who wish to pro- 
ceed with the erection of factories. 

The Company has, by purchase, the right to use and draw 

which is sufiicient to supply a large number of establishments 
with cheap and durable power. 

We extract from a recent report of R. Rose, Esq., Civil Engin- 
eer, who has made careful measurements and surveys of the 
capacity of the river, the following statements : 

" The present stage of water, (April 19th, 1866,) gives eleven thousand one 
hundred and fiftj^-seven gross horse power, the medium stage of water gives 
eight thousand five hundred and one gross horse power, and low stage of wa- 
ter, three feet below the present water surface, gives six thousand six hundred 
and thirty-five gross horse power. One-half ot the latter power gives to the 
east side of river, three thousand three hundred and seventeen and a half gross 
horse power. 

" With the present state of development of the above power, I know of no 
place in the North-West which affords so favorable an opportunity for creat- 
ing a great water-power, at such inconsiderable expense." 

Attention is directed to the class of factories and branches of 
business that could be advantageously pursued here. A paper 
mill could not fail to be a good investment. Our proximity to the 
Chicago and western markets, the abundance of material, (thou- 
sands of tons of straw being annually burnt and destroyed in the 
county,) and the cheapness of living, are inducements that cannot 
be ignored. 

An edge tool factory, a large woolen factory, furniture factories, 
wagon factories, would all find a desirable location and a good 
market for all their products. 

We would invite the attention of capitalists, East and West, to 
the importance, cheapness, aud the superior advantages of this 
water-power. 

Further information will be given upon application to the 
" South Bend Hydraulic Company." 

Reference is made to Hon. Thomas S. Stanfleld, and W. G. George, Esq., 
South Bend, who are well acquainted with all the advantages presented by 
these superior mill sites. 

^W See page 60, Turner's Gazetteer of the St. Joseph Valley. 



128 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

PEAT AND FARM LANDS, 

-A.X.SO 

FIISTE D^IRY FA.RMS 

worn BMI^'M I 



Lying in St. Joseph County, Indiana, 800 acres of First Quality 
Peat Lands ; 3,600 acres of Rich Land, about 600 acres of which, 
is Choice Timber; 1,500 acres of Fine Prairie, and 1,500 acres 
Rich Bottom Lands, and can be advantageously divided into 
farms of from 200 to 500 acres each. The bottom land will yield 
annually, 3,000 tons of Hay, of good quality. The Prairie and 
Wood land can be used for 

PASTUEE AND PLOUGH LANDS, 

and will furnish good rail and building timber, with shade and 
shelter for the stock. The whole is enclosed into eight large 
fields — has an abundant sujoply of pure water, with good building 
sites ; and being in a healthy and well settled neighborhood, is 
every way adapted for the 

Also about 3,000 acres of Oak, Hickory, Maple, Beach and Larch 
Timber Lands. The timber is of large growth and good quality. 

Also, 

A VALUABLE WATER PRIVILEGE 

Of 150 horse power, with land sufficient for the buildings, say, 
from 50 to 200 acres, or more, if required. All of the above lands 
are well located, have a rich soil, being well watered, and are ex- 
cellent for farming purposes. 

The whole, or any part of the above, 

WILL BE SOLD VERY LOW, 

And on easy terms of Payment. 
Enquire of 

ISAAC ESMAY, 

At the Court House, m South Bend. 



MISHAWAKA, INDIANA. 



The Post Office is on Vistula Street, west of Main. Col. 
Newton Bingham is Postmaster. 



TOWN OFFICERS. 
Marshal — Henry Cooper. 
Clerk — Wm. H. Judkins. 
Treasurer — Frank Bingham. 

Trustees — 1st Ward: W. Judkins. 

2d Ward : Joseph Warden. 
3d Ward : Joseph Whitson. 
4th Ward : H. Milburn. 
5th Ward : A. H. Long. 
6 th Ward : Henry Hane. 



CHURCHES IN MISHAWAKA. 

Methodist Episcopal — Corner of Vistula and Church streets. 
Rev. R. H. Sparks, pastor. 

Presbyterian — Corner of Vistula and Mill streets. Rev. E. 
Scofield, pastor. 

Christian Chapel — Vistula, between Mill and Spring streets. 
Rev. Elder Ira Chase, in charge. 

Episcopal — Spring, between First and Second streets. Rev. 
R. Brass, pastor. 

Catholic — Third, between Mill and Spring streets. 

German Evangelical — Third, between Main and Mill streets. 
Rev. P. Wagner, pastor. 

Lutheran — Front, between Main and Church streets. Rev. G. 
Schuster, pastor. 

Evangelical Association — Barbee's Addition. Rev. Mr. Herdel, 
pastor. 



130 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

The Masonic Organizations in Mishawaka, with their present 
officers, are as follows : 

MISHAWAKA LODGE No. 103. 

W. M.— Henry G. Niles. 
S. W.— John T. Kellogg. 
J. W. — Newton Bingham. 
Treas.— J. H. Whitson. 
Secy. — J. O. Evans. 
S. D.— Thomas Pates. 
J. D. — E. R. Huntsinger. 
Tyler— H. H. Fraats. 

MISHAWAKA COUNCIL No. 19. 
T. J. M. — George Milburn, Senior. 
Dept. T. J. M.— J. H. Whitson. 
C. S. W.— J. T. Kellogg. 
C. G.— Thomas Pates. 
Recorder. — J. O. Evans. 
Treasurer. — J. D. Milburn. 
Sentinel. — George Hess. 



Or>3D FEX.LO"^7VS. 

MONITOR LODGE No. 286. 
N. G. — James Easton. 
V. G.— Thomas S. Long. 
Secy. — Washington Gibson. 
Treas. — A. H. Lonor. 



YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 

President— J. S. Ball. 

Vice President — H. H. Judson. 

" " — Mrs. Jenny Honser. 

Cor, Secretary — L. F. Cole. 
Rec. Secretary — Miss K. E. Merrifield. 
Treasurer — Tabor Ham. 
Librarian — Miss R. E. Grimes. 



MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 131 

GEO. MILBURN & CO., 



]nanufacturere» of all kinds of 



FARM AND SPRING 



Sensible of the universal tendency to anti-war prices', it has 
been and shall be our endeavor to touch the lowest possible 
point which economy in production, coupled with a per- 
fect article, will permit. Our aim is to allow no one 
to surpass us in the quality of our work, and to 
sustain that reputation which the public 
have hitherto generously awarded us, 
as manufacturers of 

To this end we use none but 
SELECTED AND WELL SEASONED TIMBER, 

AND THE 

And our workmen are mostly those who have for years labored 
with and for us to build up the large business which we now con- 
duct. All our machinery is dri-ven by power furnished by the 
beautiful 

ST. JOSEi'ia: i^iVER,, 

The best, cheapest and most desirable motive power in the West. 
Whatever intelligence, industry and application can accomplish 
may be relied on by our correspondents and customers, as we are 
determined not to be surpassed in any market, either in 

QUALITY OR ECONOMY OF PRICES. 

We have Depositories at KANSAS CITY and NEW ORLEANS. 

Address at Kansas City, MAC. B. GRAHAM. 

" New Orleans, BUSBY, LITTLE & CO. 



132 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

H. B. &. L. W. MARTIN, 

WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IN 

ALL KINDS OP BLACK WALNUT AND MAPLE 



Wood and Cane Seat Chairs, Bureaus, 

STANDS, 
MISHAWAKA, IND. 



D 



Seasoned Lumber of the choicest kind only used. Immediate 
attention paid to filling orders. 

CASH FAID FOB WALITUT, liIAFLE AND FOFLAB LUHBEB. 

BLESS, KENA & CO., 

Wholesale Manufacturers of all kinds of 

INCLUDING 

BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, SOFAS, CHAIHS, 
First Class Chamber Setts, Looking Glass Frames, 

ALL OF THE LATEST PATTERNS, 

MISHAWAEA, INDIANA. 



All Furniture made from the best seasoned lumber and warranted. 

Cash paid for Black Walnut, Cherry, Maple and 

Poplar Lumber. 



MISHAWAKA ADVEETISEMENTS. 133 

JUDSON, MONTGOMERY & CO., 

WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OP 

BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, 

ll^lfBi^ ©EMl^l I^IMS^, 

Plain and Fancy Pillared Extension Tables, 

CHAMBER SETS, 

And generally all kinds of Walnut, Oak, Cherry and Ash 
Household Furniture. 



-A.i.SO, 

In great variety. 

We use no materials except of the very best quality and our 
lumber is all thoroughly seasoned. 

Information given in relation to prices and any other matter 
connected with our business, on application by letter or otherwise. 

Ours is much the 

LAEGEST rUENITURE MANUFAOTOEY IK INDIANA, 

Which is a fact suggestive of our ability to do 



134 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



THE 



Is published at Mishawaka, Indiana, in the Enterprise Building, 
Opposite Town Hall, every Saturday, at 

It circulates extensively in every part of St. Joseph and adjoin- 
ing counties, and is one of the best mediums of advertising in this 
section of the country. It aims to be a first-class paper, and its 
subscription list is constantly increasing. 



iir^i 



In connection with the newspaper office, is a first-class 




JOB PITTING office:, 

Lately supplied with the recent styles of type, with good presses, 
and conducted by competent workmen. We do not, therefore, 
hesitate to say that we can do all kinds of work as neatly, and as 
cheaply as any other office in the west. 

HANDBILLS, CARDS, CIRCULARS, 

And generally, all kinds of printing done on short notice. 
Tri/ us onfie, and you will try us again. 

N. V. BROWER, Proprietor. 



MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 

ST. JOSEPH 



135 




MISHAWAKA, 

ST. J-OSEFH CO., - - - nsriDi-A-isrA.. 




Manufacturers of the Celebrated Mishawaka Silver 

Hardened 



Steel 



PLOWS, 



SHOVEL PLOWS, 

CULTIVATORS, &c. 

We also manufacture a large variety of Cast Iron Plows, includ- 
ing the Curtis Iron Beam. 

Extras constantly on hand. 

Castings and Machinery of all kinds made to order. We have 
the largest collection of patterns in Northern Indiana, and our 
facilities for manufacturing are unsurpassed. 

The St. Joseph Iron Company's Store is at all times filled 
with all sorts of 



Which will be sold at the lowest prices compatible with 

QUICK SALES AND SMALL PROFITS. 

We hold ourselves responsible for this statement: 
WE WILL NOT BE UNDEBSOLD ! ! 



136 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

DODQE & MILBURN, 



DEALERS IN 



SHELF & HEAVY HARDWARE, 

STOVES & TIN-WARE, WOODEN-WARE, DOORS, SASH, 

AndAll Kinds of SAWS. 



A. B. JUDSON&SON, 

DEALERS IN 

China, Glass and Queensware, Carpets, Floor and Oil C^tlis, 

BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS AND FURS. 

Manufacturers and Dealers in READY-MADE CLOTHING. 

Mishawaka, Indiana. 



A. HUDSON & CO., 
BOOTS AND SHOES, 

Eeady-Made, and Made to Order, 
IN THE BEST MANNER, AND WARRANTED, 

Vistula Street, - - Misha waka, Ind. 

Joseph Heiser, 

OVER MILBURN'S STORE, 



MANUFACTURER OF 



> 



Especial attention given to 
JTZZZ TICKS AJV^ SHIJVGZB Ji-JVIYES, 

MISHAWAKA, - - - INDIANA. 



MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 137 

MISEEA-^V^KA. MILLS, 

ALL WOKK WABEANTED. CASH PAID FOR WHEAT. 

MISHiWiEi, IIB". 
GEORG-E H. SISSON, 

ATTORNEY AT LAW, CONVEYANCER, &c. 

Collections promptly attended to. 

McLAFFERTY & VAN DEUSEN, 

DEALERS IN 

Mr 



GLASS AND DYE STUFFS, 

MISHiWikKi, - - - ej>JMik. 
PALMER & WARDEN. 

MACHINERY NEW AND IN PERFECT ORDER. CASH FOR AVOOI«. 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 

Loshbough & Costello, 

WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF 
BLACK WALNUT, POPLAR AND SCREW RAIL 



EXTENSION TABLES, WASHSTANDS, CEIBS, ETC., 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 
10 



138 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

W. J. THOKNDYKE & CO., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

Orders Solicited and Promptly Filled. Work Warranted. 

FR. POPPENDICK, 

SXJI»EItIOR L-A-G-ER, BEER .A.T WHOLES-A-XjE, 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 

BINGHAM & HUDSON, 



DEALERS IN 



'wQi 



li, §itoefies$Booti|Sb4 

Eeady-Made Clothing, Crockery, Glass Ware, &Ci, 
J. H. EBERHART & CO., 



And Dealers in all kinds of Household Supplies, 

MAIN, BELOW VISTULA STREET, 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 



Justice of the Peace, Collector & Conveyancer, 

liVEST SIDE— MAIN, BELOAV VISTUIiA STREET, 



MISHAWAKA ADVERTISEMENTS. 139 

Mi M A\ "^ "■ 



IM9 

MANUFACTURERS OP 

DOUBLE STEEL AXES, 

[TRUE MISHAWAKA PATTERN,] 

Shingle Knives, Broad Axes, Sledges, Stone Hammers, Mill Picks, &c. 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 



CLARE & WHITSON, 

DEALERS IN 

Bf 4F11 & f Mli¥ 11¥ mmB, 

FAMILY GROCERIES, 

Boots & Shoes, Crockery & G-lass Ware, Hats & Caps, 

READY-MADE CLOTHING AND CLOTHING MADE TO ORDER, 

CORNER MAIN AND VISTULA STREETS, 

MISHAWAKA, IND. 



l^^li^ MIllIl 



A. CASS & CO. 

Custom Work promptly done and Warranted. Highest Market Price for Wheat. 
Foot of Main Street, Mishawaka, Ind. 

[KHillGf, BUNKING AND COllOON HOUSL 

A_. B. jxjDsoisr & soisr, 

T. S. COWLES, 

Attorney at Law, ITotary PuUic, 

COLLECTOR AND CONVEYANCER, 
MISHAWAKA, IND. 



140 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



"^^ 



^ ^^ 



Farm Wagons, Spring Wagons. 





GEOUGE mLBUm & CO., 

PB0PRIET0R8 OF THE GREAT WATER-POWER 



° AT ffllSAWAKA, IND., 

Offer at greatly REDUCED PRICES, at wholesale or retail, a 
great variety of their celebrated Wagons, all of which, in 
every particular, are FULLY WARRANTED. The sys- 
tem to which we have reduced our business, the su- 
perior quality of the material at our command, 
the excellence of the mechanical ability in 
our employment, together with a long 
experience are grounds for the 
assurance that 

The Quality of our Work shall not be Surpassed, 

And that while realizing a reasonable profit, we WILL NOT BE 
LTNDERSOLD. We have studied the requirements of the public 
and are determined to meet all demands. 

We have always on hand at our depositories at Mishawaka, 
Kansas City and New Orleans, great numbers and all varieties of 
Wagons, which buyers are invited to examine. 
Address George Milburn & Co., Mishawaka, Ind. 
" Mac B. Graham, Kansas City, Mo. 
" Busby, Little & Co., New Orleans, La. 



ELKHAET, INDIANA. 



K. K. Brush is Postmaster at Elkhart A new Post Oifice is 
soon to be built, almost exactly like the one at South Bend. 



TOWN OFFICERS. 
Marshal — Geo. M. Colburn. 
ClerJih-^: E. Smith. 
Treasurer — S. Maxon. 
Assessor — Albert Burns. 
Attorney — Hon. M. F. Shuey. 
Trustees — A. M. Tucker. 

C. Beardsley. 

C. J. Gillett. 



CHURCHES IN ELKHART. 

Episcopal — Conley's Hall. Rev. Mr. Averill, pastor. 

Baptist — Pigeon street. Rev. Mi*. Russell, pastor. 

Presbyterian — Corner High and Second streets. Rev. J. W. 
Fowler, pastor. 

Methodist — Second, between High and Franklin streets. Rev. 
Mr. Lacey, pastor. 

Lutheran — Conley's Hall. Rev. R. F. Delo, pastor. 

Spiritualists — City Hall. 

German Methodist. 



142 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

isa:A.&oi<TXG oiia--A.3sriz.A.Tior<rs. 

KANE LODGE No. 183. 

W. M.— O. H. Main. 
S. W.— J. R. Tallerday. 
J. W.— Lan. C. Patrick. 
Treas. — Jac. Arisman. 
Secy. — B. Tumock. 

EAGLE LODGE, U. D. 

W. M.— Uri Case. 
S. W.— Dr. C. S. Frink. 
J. W.— Milton Miller. 
Secy.— A. M. Tucker. 
Treas.— C. North. 



ODD FELLOWS. 



N. G. — Jesse Rnsh. 
V. G.— C. H. Chase. 
Perm't Secy. — M. Truby. 
Term Secy. — J. Boster. 
Treas. — H. Neal. 



ELKHAET ADVERTISEMENTS. 143 

K. STODDARD GEE. CHAS. W. GEE. 

R. STODDARD GEE & SON, 

Dealers in 

Cabinet Organs, Melodeons, Violins, Guitars, Flutes, 

ACCORDEONS, SHEET MUSIC, 

And All Kinds of MUSICAL INSTKUMETTTS. 

CLOAK AND DUESS M AKIITG, 

Agricultural Block, Corner of Main and High Streets. Four 
doors south of Conley's Hall. 

P.O. Box 51V. ELKHART, IND. 

B. STODDARD GEE & SON, 

Having located in this place for the purpose of carrying on a general music 
business, offer rare inducements to those who may favor us with their patron- 
age. We offer to the lovers of music the celebrated MATT PIANO, which, 
with its modern (patented) improvements, the beauty and style of workman- 
ship, the smoothness and uniformity of tone ; the blending of sounds, the ad- 
vantages derived from the Dialuiie Sounding Board, all combine to make 
them a superior instrument, to any other ever ofiered to the public, for the 
same amount of maney. 

Being in connection with L. J. Hoeffner, Esq., so long and favorably known 
as a Piano tuner and repairer, we keep all pianos we sell in perfect tune, for 
one year,//'e€ of charge. 

We buy for CASH, and are the only agents in Ohio or Indiana who can buy 
these instruments direct from the factory, (all reports to the contrary being 
incorrect), giving us facilities for offering a better piano, and for less money, 
than any other agent. 

SECOND-HAND PIANOS and Melodeons taken in part pay- 
ment for new instruments. 

PIANOS TO RENT, and if purchased in four months, the rent 
to apply on the purchase. 



Millinery, Dress and Cloak Making done with neatness and dis- 
patch by workmen from Chicago. 



144 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

MABLEY & BROTHER, 

DEALERS IN 

READY-MADE 

OF ALL QUALITIES, STYLES AND PRICES, 

HATS, CAPS, AND GENTLEMEN'S FURNISHING GOODS 

Of all kinds. We have also, always on hand, a large stock of 

Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, &c., 

Of the most Fashionable Styles and suited to the season, which 
will be made to Order, in a Superior Manner and warranted to fit. 
"We have come to Elkhart to stay ; and, if First-Class Goods, Low 
Prices, and Fair Dealing are desirable, we expect to make our 
business mutually beneficial to ourselves and the public. Give us 
a call and see. Remember, 

"THE NEW YORK CLOTHING STORE," 

c. B. M:^N^]sr & CO., 

Dealers In 



GROCERIES, ETC., 

ELKHAET, IND. 



Cloths, Cassimeres, Vestings, Silks ; all kinds of Ladies' Dress 

Goods, Hoops, Skirts, Muslins, Sheetings, and generally, 

a Full Assortment of the 

Selected with great care, and to be sold at 
Indeed, our determination is to 

GIVE PERFECT SATISFACTION AND NEVER BE UNDERSOLD. 



ELKHABT ADVERTISEMENTS. 

RAYMOND & KIBBE, 



145 



AND DEALERS IN 



Paints, Oils, Glass, Confectionery, Perfumery, 

GROCERIES, PURE LIQUORS, ETC. 
ELKHART, IND. 



MANUFACTURER OP AND DEALER IN 



PRINTING & WRAPPING PAPER 

All Orders promptly attended to. Cash paid for rags. 

S. M. CUMMIN"S, 



Office over Bucklen's Drug Store, Opposite Clifton House, 
ELKHART, IND. 



SSI 



DR D. H. RUNYAN, 



%rm i!ii ¥ 



■!iI4E 



office: : MAIIV STREET, Opposite Bank, 
ELKHART, IND. 



O. H. MAIN, 

Attorney at Law, Notary Public, 

GENERAL CONVEYANCER, ETC., 

Licensed to practice in all the Courts of the State, 

IfXx'KlxikxiTi In IT. 

CLIFTOISr HOUSE. 



B. F. BROWN, Proprietor, 

FIIiST CIj-A-SS I^IOXEX. IIST EVEIfY' liESFECT. 



146 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



SALOON, RESTAURANT and BILLIARDS, 

MAIN STEEET, Seven Doors South of Clifton House, 
ELKHART, IND. 

ISAAC BUCKLEN, 

DEALER Ijg- 

Drugs and Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass, 

ELKHART, IND. 

iJ^^ Physicians' Prescriptions Carefully Prepared. ^^^ j3 



Ai 



D. M. & N. P. DOTY, 

MANUFACTUREES AND DEALERS IN 

Tombstones, Monuments and Building Stone, 

DRUGGIST, 

AND DEALER IN ALL KINDS OF 

Medicines, Paints, Oils, Glass, Dye Stuffs, Confectionery. &c,, 
ELKHAUT, IND. 



iatiai 



PATRICK & SON, Proprietors, 
ELKHART. IND. 



^~ .A-LIj TTljPi^Xl^S STOF HERB FOI^ 3VEEA.3LS. 



aOSHEN, INDIANA, 



William L. Bivins is Postmaster at Goshen. 



ELKHART COUNTY OFFICERS. 

Atfclitor—E. W. H. Ellis. 
Treasurer — Wm. H. Venamon. 
Clerk— E. J. Wood. 
Recorder — B. C. Dodge. 
Sheriff — E. R. Kerstetter. 
Commissioners — Nath aniel Thompson. 

John E. Thompson. 

Jacob BechteU 

CORPORATION OFFICERS. 

Trustees — Allen Smith, Wm. A. Barnes, Charles F. Butterfield, 
Daniel Haberstich, A. H, Blake. 

Clerk — E. G. Chamberlain. 
Treasurer — Joseph Lauferty. 
Assessor — Moses Simmons. 
Marshal — Samuel Trump. 



CHURCHES IN GOSHEN. 

Methodist — Main street. Rev. Geo. Newton, pastoi-. 

Presbyterian — Market street. Rev. H. L. Van Nuys, pastor. 

Baptist — Washington street. Rev. A. M. Buck, pastor. 

Lutheran — Fifth street. Rev. John Weaver, pastor. 

German Methodist — Fifth street. 

Catholic — Madison street. Rev. M. Stores. 

Episcopal — Market street. 



148 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

The Masonic Organizations in Goshen are as follows: 

GOSHEN LODGE No. 12. 
W. M. — George W. Gibbon. 
S. W.— Milo S. Hascall. 
J. W. — Charles Perkins. 
Treas.— C. F. Butterfield. 
Secy. — E. G. Chamberlain. 

TRAVEL LODGE No. 306. 

W. M. — Henry Miltenberger. 
S. W. — Henry Warren. 
J. W.— A. H. Elwood. 
Treas.— W. H. Thomas. 
Secy. — H. J. Bierly. 

GOSHEN CHAPTER No. 45. 
High Priest. — John Ginter. 
King,— Chas. F. Butterfield. 
Scribe. — David Darr. 
Capt. of H. — C. E. Lawrence. 
P. S.— E. J. Wood. 
Treas. — James Lauferty. 
Secy. — E. G. Chamberlain. 



OX5ID FELIjO'W'S' OHO-A-KTIZ-A-TIOIC. 

ELKHART COUNTY LODGE No. 34. 

N. G.— D. M. Clymer. 
V. G. — John Scroggs. 
Perm't. Secy. — Daniel Fravel. 
Rec. Sec. — Ira Nash. 
Treas. — John S. Freeman. 

ENCAMPMENT No. 1. 

Ch. Patriarch. — John S. Freeman. 
High Priest.— D. M. Clymer. 
Senr. Warden. — Hezekiah Crowell. 
Secy. — J. D. Arnold. 
Treas. — Wm. L. Bivans. 



GOSHEN ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Established in 1837. 



149 



Wk@ Q)M@®t fapijs Im M^sttt^i® lailaaa? 




IS PUBLISHED AT 



GOSHEN, INDIANA, 

Every Wednesday morning. It has the LARGEST CIRCULA- 
TION of any paper in the county of Elkhart, and afibrds 
superior advantages to advertisers. Terms for ad- 
vertising reasonable. Terms of subscription, 
$2.50 per annum, invariably in advance. 

JOB I*Ri:iSrTIN"G, 

Of all kinds neatly and promptly done. Address 

H ERB. S. FASS ETT, PubUsher. 

®f t®t®l it©aa H@iisl®i mils 

With Four Euns of Stones, Engine, Boiler and Machinery, 

ALL COMPLETE, 

FOR SALE CHEAP. 

One-fourth cash, balance in three annual instalments. Address 

E. W. n. ELLIS, Goshen, lud. 



M. B. HASCALL. 



C. B. ALDKRMAN. 



HASCALL & ALDERMAN, 



DEALERS IN 



Staple and Fancy Dry Goods, Groceries, 

BOOTS & SHOES, HATS iS; CAPS, CROCKERY, CARPETS, &c., 
At the Old Stand, corner Main & Market Sts., GOSHEN, IND. 



WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 



Foreign and Domestic Wines, Liquors & Cigars, 

And Manufacturers of Caldwell's Herb Bitters, 
Main Street, GOSHEN, IND. 



150 GAZETTEBE OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

GREAT 





iraiii. 

— -A.T- 

GOSHEN", IN"DI^N"^I 



The water-power at this point is created by damming the Elkhart river, one 
mile south of the corporate limits of the town, and conveying the water by a 

One Hundred feet in width, to the heart of the town, where it is emptied into 
the original channel, 

WITH A FALL OF TWENTY FEET, 

Furnishing power equal to one hundred and fifty run of stones. The loca- 
tion for mills and manufactories, for the extent of half a mile along the canal, 
are unsurpassed for convenience and safety. The work will be completed 
early in the spring of 1868, at a total cost of nearly one hundred thousand 
dollars, and meanwhile, the public are invited to examine the locations and 
facilities for business. 

Goshen, the County Seat of Elkhart County, is situated near its geograph- 
ical center, at the foot of Elkhart prairie, on the airline of the Michigan South- 
ern railroad, and is surrounded by an agricultural region of unrivaled wealth 
and fertility. Its present population is 3,200, and it is rapidly increasing in 
wealth and numbers. On the west side of town commences the great timber 
region, comprising more than one hundred square miles of choice timber, 
such as Black Walnut, Poplar, Oak, Cherry, Basswood, Elm, Ash and Hick- 
ory. More than one million feet of Walnut lumber is shipped from the 
station annually. 

Provision is already made for the erection of two large flouring mills, a fur- 
niture manufactory and wagon shop, and the location oflers great inducements 
for the establisment of other manufactories, such as a paper mill, woolen 
manufactory, carding machines, an oil mill, a chair factory, iron foundries, 
cotton and flax mills, and various other manufactories of wood an iron. 

The company own extensive 

'Grounds which will be Sold or Leased with the Power. 

The water will be placed at a very low rental during the first season. 

The oflacers of the Company are Milton Mercer, President ; E. W. H. Ellis, 
Secretary and Treasurer ; Adam Yeakel, M. M. Latta, Cephas Hawks, and 
John Staufl", Directors; any one of whom may be addressed on the subject. 

Groshen, Indiana, August, 1867. 



BEISTOL ADVERTISEMENTS. 



BRISTOL 



151 




Bristol, Elkhart Connty, Indiana. 



C-A.I'IT-A.L STOOKl, 



S50,000. 



President, Wm. Palin ; Treasurer, Wm. Caldwell ; Secretary, Chas. W. 
Wilcox ; Directors, Wm. Palin, Wm. Caldwell, Solomon Fowler, Wm. J. 
Hall, Simon Pickel. 

This Company was organized July 17, 1867, for the purpose of improving 
the water-power on the St. Joseph river, at Bristol, for manufacturing purpo- 
ses. The head-race of this improvement will be 1,900 feet long, on each side 
of which will be convenient tail races, fifty feet wide on the bottom, and 
nearly as low as the bed of the river. The river, at the place selected for a 
dam, 'is about two hundred and fifty feet in width at the surface, and averaging 
eight feet in depth. Between the head and tail races are building lots, vary- 
ing from fifty to one, hundred feet front, and from seventy-five to one hundred 
ami fifty feet in depth. The great head race is one hundred and fifty feet 
wide on the bottom, with five feet in depth of water. The head gates have a 
clear water way of six hundred square feet. There will be an available fall 
of about six feet, with ample grounds for the proper display of the power. 
There is a front on the main race of nearly two thousand six hundred lineal 
feet. There will be ample preparation made for the lockage and passage of 
steamboats through the main race. 

The head race, which at the top water line will be one hundred and seventy 
feet wide, together with a road way on each side thereof, of thirty-five feet in 
width, will make a clear space of two hundred and forty feet between the 
manufacturing establishments when erected, thus securing all from the usual 
risk from fire. The dam is to be three hundred feet long, and the abutments 
to the same and the head gates, will be of massive stone masonry, and well 
laid in hydraulic lime. 

The entire cost of the work when completed, will not fall short of forty-five 
thovisand dollars. At the present stage of the river, which is its minimum, 
the discharge of water is not less than two hundred thousand cubic feet per 
minute, which will give to the Company, upon wheels properly constructed, 
a power more than suflacient to drive three hundred mill stones as usually es- 
timated. Three years out of five, the river discharges a much greater quan- 
tity of water per minute than is stated above. This fact shows the actual 
power to be much greater than the estimate given, but it is thought to be 
safest to take the minimum discharge as the basis. 

If the Company should hereafter desire to increase their power to double that which they 
now have, it can be done at a comparatively small cost— probably for one-third the sum now 
estimated. Everything will be so constructed as to require, hereafter, no alteration or addi- 
tion, should it be necessary to bring into requisition more power by adding to the work al- 
ready done. 

The entire work will be completed in a few months, all. probably, with the exception of the 
dam, before the first of December, 1867. The Company will guarantee to have the power 
ready for use as soon as persons desiring water power, can have their estsblishments ready 
for the water. Plats of the entire work, will be ready for distribution in a short time, and 
those desiring a location for any manufacturing purpose, can be accommodated with a lot 
eligibly situated, with water power, on fair terms. 

This great hydraulic improvement is located on the line of the M. S. & N. I. railroads, nearly 
midway between Toledo and Chicago. The site is beautiful, safe, and easily improved. It 
is in the midst of a healthy and fine agricultural region, possessing all the advantages of a 
large town, good markets, and cheap living. Address the President, Secretary, or any of the 
Directors, or call on them, at Bristol, Elkhart County, Indiana. 



152 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

SAMUEL B. ROMAINE, 

Bf §1®! t Cliim & lasmi am©e Age: 

PRODUCE AND LUMBER DEALER, 

SOLOMOISr FO^vVLER, 

DEALER IN PRODUCE, 

WM. C. BIBCH. ANDREW AITEEN. 

BIRCH &: AITKEN, 

DEALERS IN 



Hardware, Notions, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, &c., 

BRISTOL, IND. 
Bt^ Highest Price Paid for Country Produce. .Ml 

^7^. PROBj^SOO, 

DEALER IN 

DBT GOODS, GROCERIES, HARDWARE, 

CEOCKERY, BOOTS, SHOES, HATS, CAPS, 
AND IN ALL KINDS OF COUNTRY PRODUCE, 

BRISTOL HOUSE, .r=. BRISTOL, IND. 



FREE OMNIBUS TO AND FROM TRAINS. 

LIVERY ESTABLISHMENT CONNECTED WITH THE HOUSE. 



COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS. 



153 





A QUARTO WEEKLY NEWSPAPER, 

le PUBLISHED EVERY SATURDAY MORNINO, AT THE 

CITY OF COLDWATEK, MICHIGAlSr, 

BY 

w. f • ^ ©« A. mQ)Wmm^ 

-A.T TWO DOIjIj.A.PIS -A. '2'E.A.Pl IHST -A-lDV-A-IsrCE. 

It will advocate Republican principles, and in connection there- 
with, discuss the polity and principles of our government. 

The family circle will be well supplied with the choicest and 
most readable matter. 

The paper will contain the latest and best acts and results in 
science, art, natural history and agriculture. 

Our quarto form we think cannot lail to please. 

We shall endeavor to so arrange and limit the quality of adver- 
tising matter as to best serve the interests of advertising patrons, 
and to avoid every occasion of charging us with parsimony. 

G-EO. A. COE, 

Attorney at Law, Justice of the Peace, 

Ami. We i^e ©@m^t ©@Mai@g|@a©^» 

OFFICE IN MICHIGAN SOUTHERN HOTEL BUILDING, 



(ig -^^e 



!>^m^0)] 



Attorney at Law and Solicitor in Chancery, 

OFFICE IN THE MASONIC BLOCK, 

COLDWATEE, MICH. 

W. J. BOWEN, 

Attorney at Law & Circuit Court Commissioner,, 

COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. 

11 



154 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

Silfllll ffilCHIgill Hifll, 

North-west corner of Public Square, 
COLDWATER, MICH., 

M. L. STRO]Sra, Proprietor. 

SPAULDING, DIBBLE & CO., 

DEALERS IN 

STAPLE & F AITCY DHY GOODS 

41 Chicago Street, Coldwater, Mich. 

3^^ The only exclusively Dry Goods House in the city. 

EXCELSIOR DINING HALL, 

S. N. CORNELL, PROPRIETOR, 

MONROE STREET, COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. 

Warm Meals prepared at all Hours. 

J. W. SHIVELY, 

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN ALL KINDS OP 

• COLDWATER, MICHIGAN. 

LOTJIS T. K WILSON, 

HAMLET B. ADAMS, 

Attorney at Law & Solicitor in Chancery, 

COLDWATER. MICH. 



'5 



COLDWATKR ADVERTISEMENTS. 155 

WATEH CTOE HTFIRMAEY, 

COLDWATER, MICH. 

ON THE MICHIGAN SOl'THERN AND NORTHERN INDIANA R. R. 

The Building is new, built expressly for the business, and is permanently 
located. 

To the Diseased, — those who are sick and considered incur ible, — who are 
suffering with pain and can find no relief, — who are paralyzed and have been 
given up by physicians, — who are near dying — we bid you hope — your health 
may yet be restored. 

The following diseases are positively and permanently cured by 



without pain or inconvenience : 

Palsy, or Paralysis of every variety ; Consumption, Rheumatism, Acute and 
Chronic Neuralgia; Torpid Liver; Bronchitis, Catarrh, Asthma, Spinal 
Complaints, Scrofula, Dyspepsia, Deafness of all kinds, Blindness and Weak 
Eyes, St. Vitus Dance, Salt Rheum, Prolapsus Uteri, Piles, Female Weakness 
and Irregularities, General Debilty, Stiff Joints, Constipation and every spe- 
cie of Chronic and Nervous diseases. 

We treat the above diseases with great success if they are curable. We 
make no compromise with the stomach in the way of drugs. We claim to be 
purely Eclectic, relying much upon Water and Electricity. 

Electricity is the natural element of the nervous system — the connecting 
link between mind and matter, the most absolute and subtle substance known. 
It circulates the blood ; is the cause of voluntary and involuntary motion ; 
produces all the chemical changes in the system- -decompositions and recom- 
positions, and always co-operates with vitality in imparting health and strength 
to the human system. If Electricity is the generating agent of human life, 
how important it must be in the continuance of that life, and in the preserva- 
tion of health ! 

Electricians have for ages witnessed the astonishing effects of Electricity 
from their own random experiments, in controlling the most obstinate dis- 
eases, and have attributed their frequent failures more to their own ignorance 
than to any lack of virtue in the agent ; and it has for a long time been the 
opinions of the most scientific investigators, that it was the vitalizing, animat- 
ing, sustaining, and all-controlling power, which, if properly applied to the 
human system, would regulate and control all the various functions of life. 

Mrs. Jane R. Willsou, M. D., a lady of much experience, is with me, to take 
charge of the female department. 

For further particulars, address 

H. F. BEOWN, M. D., Proprietor. 

p. O. Box, 130. COLDWATER, MICH. 



156 



GAZETTEER OP THE ST, JOSEPH VALLEY. 



O. B. QUIGLEY, 



J/fLfl 



WT r^& 7 






\mMY!MmM,,^ Micaaei 



\ Tf 



The best of Horses, the best of Carriages, the best of every- 
thing in the Livery line. 

Horses Sold or Exchanged on Fair Terms. 

The best of Hacks in tlie city running to and from the cars, 
and any part of the city. 

Stages for Marshall, Union City, and Angola. 

CASH FOR HAY AND ALL KINDS OF GEAIN AND FEED. 



THE 






IS PUBLISHED EVERY FRIDAY, AT THE CIT7 OP 

BY SMITH & MOOEE, AT 

TWO DOLLARS PER ANNUM, IN ADVANCE. 

It has a large circulation, and is an excellent medium for advertising. 



% 



THE ADVERTISING RATES ARE AS FOIiLOWS : 

One square, (ten lines), one to tliree weelcs, $1.00. 

" " three months, 2.50. 

" " six months, 4.00. 

" " twelve months, 7.00. 

One quarter column, one year, 25.00. 

One-half column, one year, 40.00. 

One column, one year, 75.00, 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



157 




Ills 1111, 111 



UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE 

SISTEHS OF HOLY CEOSS. 



No resident of this thriving young city need be told of the beauty and 
healthfulness of the site of this institution. It is situated on Gen. Taylor 
street, at the head of Wayne, on, perhaps, the highest spot of ground in the 
city, of which, it commands a full view. The grounds of the academy are 
well laid out, and embrace a full acre, reaching from Gen Taylor street to 
Scott, thus affording ample space to the pupils for recreation. 

The building has been finished at an expense of nearly twenty thousand 
dollars, and has everything that could be desired, or the dictate of experience 
could reasonably require for an educational establishment. 

The building being extensive, the pupils have the invaluable advantage of 
•well ventilated halls for preparing their classes, separate from' their recitation 
rooms. And, exteriorly, the building is an ornament of the city, so beautiful 
in itself ! 

The Sisters, as teachers, need no eulogy ; for even those who have not 
known them by experience, could not have failed to know them through 
others, since their praise as efficient teachers of manners, morals, and science 
combined, is upon the lips of the many who can speak of them from 
experience. 

The regular course of studies in this institution, embraces all the branches 
required to complete a thorough education, including Music, vocal and instru- 
mental. Drawing and Painting; the various branches of Needle Work; the 
French, German and Latin languages. 

To meet the wislies of German parents, and others who may desire a tho- 
rough course in the German language, a department exclusively German, has 
been opened in the academy, which is under the charge of native, German 
Sisters. Thus affording more than ordinary facility in the acquisition of a 
language, after the English, the most useful to the inhabitants of the Western 
States. 

A few steps from the academy, the Sisters have opened a " Minim School" 
for boys under ten years of age. This department is intended to supply a 
want much felt by parents in every city. Boys under this tender age, if they 
go to school, at all, are crowded into schools among associates of a more ad- 
vanced age, and they seldom learn much except what is detrimental to their 
manners and morals. Under the mild government of the Sisters, who per- 
form, in their regard, the duties of the best of mothers, their condition is far 
different. This eveiy parent will readily understand. That tender solicitude, 
therefore, which parents* must feel for their children at that age, will, doubt- 
l(iss, bring this department a liberal patronage. 

From the above it may be seen, that the educational wants of the citizens 
of South Bend, are, in this institution, fully supplied ; and their liberal patron- 
age hitherto, shows that they appreciate the advantages thus placed within 
their reach. Terms are very moderate. 



158 GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 

michigan'southern 

With its connections, the MOST RELIABLE ROUTE to all 
points in the Eastern States and the Dominion of Canada. 

Four Express Trains leave Chicago daily 

CONNECTIONS ARE 

At DETROIT with Grand Trunk and Great Western Railways. 

At TOLEDO with Lake Shore and Dayton & Michigan Railroads. 

At CLYDE and MONROEVILLE with Trains for all points in Cen- 
tral and Southern Ohio. 

At CLEVELAND with Atlantic & Great Western, Cleveland & 
PittsburiT. 

At DUNKIRK with Erie Railway. 

At BUFFALO with Erie, and New York Central Railways, for all 
points in New York and the New England States. 

Passengers coming West by the South Shore Line have choice of 

Four Express Trains from Toledo over this first-class Road. 

Or, coming to Detroit via the Canada Roads, 

then connect with the Michigan 

Southern, through from 

DETROIT TO CHICAGO WITHOUT CHANGE 

Elegant and most comfortable Sleeping Cars are run on all Night 
Trains. Through to Detroit and Cleveland without change. 

Salisbury's Patent Dusters are used on Day Trains, and, also, 
the most comfortable and well ventilated Smoking Cars in the 
country. 

We hold out the following inducements for public patronage : 

GOOD, CLEAN EATING HOUSES. 

LTixiirious Sleeping Cars—Day Coaches with all Modern Improvements. 
A SMOOTH TRACK, 

Not secoud to any on this Continent. And, 

TAKE ALWAYS AS LOW AS BY OOMPETINa LINES. 

The new and elegant Passenger Depot at Chicago, erected this 
season, is a great object of interest. 

Tickets by this popular route may be had at all principal ticket 
offices in the United States. 

0. r. HATCH, SAML. 0. HOUGH, 

Gen. Supt., Chicago, HI. Gen. Pass'r Agt., Chicago, III. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 159 

mCAU, DEIVEIUG & CO., 

Wholesale and Retail Dealers in all kinds of 

HARDWARE, STOVES 

Cor. Washington and Michigan Sts., 



Always on hand and for sale at the very lowest figure, 

Iron, Steel, Nails, (Jlass, Putty, Paints, Oils, Brushes, 

ANB ALL KINDS OF BUILDING HARBlfARE. 

ALSO, 

4§lISIIafH41 IMF llMllf S, 

COOPEB'S AVD CABFSKTEB'S TOOLS, 

^§uiktx and %Mtx lilting, 

Circnlar, Mill and Cross Cnt Saws^ 

ROPES AND CORDAG-E, 



All kinds of Tin Work Made to Order. 



-A-OElsTTS FOR. 

The " La Belle" Nail Works, Wheeling, West Virginia; Laffel & 

Baldwin's Union Churns ; William Mann & Co.'s 

Mishawaka Pattern Axes. Also, Genuine 

Mishawaka Axes. 



160 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



SOUTH BEND, INDIANA, 

A. A. ALLEN, Proprietor, 

Formerly of tlie Bramble House, Lafayette, Indiana, 



> 



I have leased the Dwight House for a term of years, and after 
October 1, 1867, shall be glad to see all my old friends and the 
public generally there. See page 99 of this Gazetteer. 

A. A. ALLEN. 




WM. KNOBLOCK. 



THEO. E. KNOBLOCK. 



KHOBLOCK BEOTHEHS, 

MANUPACTUKERS OF 

IMPROVED 



ORDERS KINDLY SOLICITED. 
Post Office Box 115. 



m®. 11®. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVEETISEMENTS. 161 

J. C. & C. "W^. HOUR, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

Hamburg and Western Eeserve Cheese, 
WELLINGTOlSr, Lorain County, OHIO. 

i^^ All orders promptly filled at the lowest market prices. 

E. M. PLIMPTON, 

Attorney and Counsellor at Law, 

AND SOLICITER IN CHANCERY, 

B¥OHikHikl, BERRIEN COUNTY, MJGHJ'^:^!?. 

HENRY A. FORD, 

l^tt^nif g k ^0mtsdl0r at %m, 

AJVS) SOLICITOR IJV CHAJVCB^RTj 

Willi, MI©Me 



Soldiers' Claims adjusted; Back Pay, Bounty and Pensions ob- 
tained. Collections promptly made. 

EDSO N FOSTER, 

DEALERS IN 



Glass and Earthen Ware, Boots, Shoes, Hats, Caps, 

PLOWS, PARMERS' TOOLS, &c., 

MIDDLEBUEY, - - - Elkhart County, - - - INDIANA. 



C-A-SH FOIi I^HOIDXJOE. 



162 GAZETTEER OP THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



THE 





PUBLISHED TWICE A MONTH, BY 

MRS. L. H. KIMBALL, 



-AT 



167 SOUTH CLARK STREET, CHICAGO, ILL. 



i>mms. 



It is an Octavo, printed on good paper and embellished with 
fine electrotype illustrations. 

Some of our best writers are engaged as regular contributors. 

We teach no human creeds ; Nature is our Law-giver ; to deal 
justly our religion. 

The children want Amusement, History, Romance, Music ; they 
want Moral, Mental and Physical culture. We hope to aid them 
in their search for these treasures. 



TEmvilS OF etTJJBSGTHFTIOlSJ- z 

One year, One Dollar, in advance. 

10 copies, to one address f 9.00 

25 do. do. 32.00 

50 do. do 45.00 

100 do. do. 90.00 

Subscribers in Canada must pay twenty cents per year in addition, for pre- 
payment of American postage. 

Subscribers wisliing tlie direction of tlieir paper changed must always state 
the name of the town, county and State to whicli it has been sent. 

Money can be sent by Postoffice Orders, but when drafts on New York or 
Boston can be procured, we prefer them. 

All subscriptions discontinued at the expiration of the time subscribed for. 

5^" Specimen copies, Five cents. 

All communications should be addressed to 

MRS. LOU. H. KIMBALL, 

p. O. Drawer 5956, CHICAGO, ILL. 



MISCELLANEOUS ABVEETISEMENT8. 163 

DSIVIOCRiLTIC UBIIOir, 

A FIEST CLASS WEEKLY NEWSPAPEE, 

PUBLISHED AT 

WMt© ^Ig©@m8 "coZr MieMiiiffij 

BY 

GEORGE C. HACKSTAFF. 



The Union affords an excellent medium for advertising, and aims 
to be a good Family Newspaper. 

JOB PRUSTTIISTG, 

Of all kinds neatly and promptly done at reasonable prices. 

No. 4 ST. JOSEPH BLOCK, 
SOUTH BEND, - - - - INDIANA, 

DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF 

Confectionery, Canned Fruits, Uuts 

PICKLES, SAUCES, CIGARS, ETC. 

LADIES' & GENTLEMEN'S RESTAURANT. 

wmm MiALs m ^ummsn' apc© ust mum. 

Served at all hours. 

DAY BOARDERS ACCOMMODATED. 

GREEN FRUIT IN THEIR SEASON. 

NO LIQUORS SOLD. 



164 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



BEKRIEN COUNTY ABSTRACT OFFICE. 



BACON & KING, 






i^lSLES, EV9ICHIGAN. 

Particular attention paid to the making of Abstracts of Titles 
in Berrien county, to the payment of Taxes, perfecting titles, and 
the foreclosure and collection of mortgages. Collections will be 
promptly attended to. 

D. BACON, Attorney at Law. JOHN KING. 

A.TTORISrEY ^T L^^V^, 

(With Goodwin & Larned,) 
Mccormick's Building, P. O. Box 384. CHICAGO, ILL. 

PULSOM, ILSLEY & CO., 
Have dissolved by mutual consent and the business of the 

North-western ^^ Excelsior ^^ Manufacturing Co. 

Will hereafter be carried on by 
See page 123, this Gazetteer. 

A.. V. P. D^Y, 

DEALER IX 



^ 



ADRIAN, MICH. 



Bill t glAlllll, 

Engravers on Wood and Label Printers, 

COLOEED LABELS OF ALL KINDS MADE TO ORDEE, 

(smith & Nixon's building,) 

S. W. Oor. WasMnffton & Clark Sts., CHICAGO, ILL. 



MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



165 





AMiLTON & RUC^M 




PROPRIETOBS. 



We manufacture Flour from best selected White and Amber 
Wheat, and Avarrant our productions strictly first class Family- 
Flour. Our mill has recently been put in excellent repair, and 
we are now using six runs of stones constantly. Our power is 
abundant and constant, not being materially affected by drouths 
or freshets. Cars on the St. Joseph Valley Railroad deliver wheat 
and take flour from our mill without expense of drayage. 

11^^ Ship Stuff in small or large quantities always for sale. 

HAMILTON & RUCKMAK 



^H BSjj^*!^ 



r wp" © IP w If wi < 



^iJIi^llIIIMPi 



mhll PRUtT8 CULTIVATED lU PERFEOTION. 

Strawberries, Easpberries, Blackberries, Grapes, Etc. 

PliANTS SOIiD AND VARIETIES ^'ARKANTED. 

WE HAVE ALWAYS ON HAND THE NEWEST AND CHOICEST VARIETIES. 

Catalogues furnished on application personally or by mail, to 



FEKKl 



MANUFACTURER OP 



ESPECIAL ATTENTION GIVEN TO 



166 



GAZETTEER OF THE ST. JOSEPH VALLEY. 



ST. jos: 



M EAILKOAB 



TROM WHITE PIG-EON, 

THIiOXJGUI 

Constantine, Three Rivers & Schoolcraft, 



TO 



AMiiMMAMiQ)Qf> mmmi^Am^ 



DAY TRAINS CONNECT WITH TRAINS EAST ANB AVEST ON THE 
MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILROAD AT WHITE PIGEON. 

This is the important connecting Roa»i between the Michigan 
Southern and Michigan Central Roads. 



E. GARDNEE, Supt. 




INDEX TO SOUTH BEND ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Adams & Sumption 104-107 

Anderson, Andrew 106 

Anderson, King & Alexander 118 

Arnold, J. B. Jr., 123 

Beal, A. &Co 88 

Bulla & Rose 101 

Bertrand, Alex 118 

Bauer, Franz, Jr 119 

Bonney, James 119 

Burt, J. A. Dr 120 

Brownfield John 123 

Blowney, H.J 123 

Buysee, Edward 123 

College, Northern Indiana 89 

Coquillard, A 95-115 

Coquillard, A. »& Co 96 

Chockelt, J. A 106 

Chapin & Gushing 117 

Gushing, A. G. & W. F 118 

Gorning, J. N 118 

CliflFord, A. B 121 

Dwight House 99 

Deming, D 99 

Dunn & Go • 123 

Davis, James 124 

Eddy & Henderson 123 

Esmay, Isaac 128 

Friedberger, M 104 

Fitch & Bro 114 

Fulsom, Ilsley & Go 123 

George & Pfleger 100 

Gillen, Ed 119 

Gallagher, John 121 

Hatch, D 114 

Hanford, W. H. Dr 118 

Hitchcock, L 120 

Ham, L. J. Dr 120 

Hagen, Geo 121 

Harper & Massey 122 

Hodson, G. G 122 

Huey & Co 122 

Hertzell & Hartman 122 

Humphreys, Dr. L 122 

Howe, Geo. A 122 

Hardman, Jacob 124 

Ireland & Gish 94 

Johnston's Nursery 117 

Knoblock Brothers 107 

Knoblock & Buchtel 115 

Knoblock, Zeitler «& Co 117 

Keedy, John H 119 

Liphart, C. & Co 95 

Lautz Bro's & Co 98 

Layton, Geo. F 98 

Lemen, Grether & Go 104 



Lewis, S. & Son 112 

Lett, J. B 119 

Laberdic, Randolph 123 

Malloy, E. & Go 90 

Miller, B. F. & Son 93 

Marsh & Miller 99 

Martin & Smith 119 

Martin, C. W 119 

Middleton, C. H 120 

Myers, Dr. S. F 131 

Miller, William 121 

McDonald, Albert 121 

Mussel Brothers 123 



Northern Indiana College 

National Union, (paper) 

Nicar, Deming & Co 

Neuperth & Benz 

Notre Dame 108- 

Nevins, G. F 

Oliver, Bissell & Co 

Pagin, Dr. L. & Bro's 

Register, (paper) 

Ruggles, J. W 

Reed & Coonley 

Rhodes & Siegfried 

.Shively's Hall. 

Skinner, I 

Seltzer, John K 

St. Patrick's Select School 

St. Mary's Academy 

Spencerian Commercial College. . . 

Studebaker Bro's 105-113- 

South Bend Graded School 

Strayer, Jacob & Co 110- 

South Bend Billiard Parlor 

St, Joseph Valley Billiard Parlors. 

St. Joseph Academy 

Shively, D. M 

Stover, J. W. Dr 

Staley, Alexander C 

South Bend Woolen Mills 

Stockford & Kent 

Stanfield & Stanfield 

South Bend Hydraulic Co 

Turner, T. G 

Turner, Miss Flora L 

Treanor, John 

Tutt & Severance 



University of Notre Dame... . 108- 

Van Sickle's Fine Art Gallery 

Vinson, Charles 

Witherill & Co 

Wheeler & Orvis 

Wade, A. B 

Young & Merriman 130 



8.9 
90 
93 
106 
109 
120 
125 
101 
88 
91 
100 
104 
93 
97 
101 
103 
103 
104 
136 
107 
-111 
113 
114 
116 
118 
119 
120 
120 
120 
124 
127 
117 
118 
121 
124 
-109 
118 
122 
101 
107 
121 



INDEX TO MISHAWAKA. ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Bless, Kena& Co 132 

Brower, N. V 134 

Bingham & Iliulson 138 

Clark & Whitson 139 

Cass, A. & Co 139 

Cowles, T. S 139 

D(Kl?e & Milburn 136 

Eberhart, J. H. & Co 138 

Hudson, A. & Co 138 

Heiser, Joseph 136 

Judson, Montgomery & Co 133 

Judson, A. B. & Son 136-139 

Judson, A. B. & Co 137 

Loshbough & Costell 137 



Milburn, George & Co 131- 

Martin, H. B. & L. W 

Mishavvaka Enterprise 

McLafferty & Van Deusen 

Mishawaka Woolen Mills 

Nottage & Ball 

Perkins, P. C 

Palmer & Warden 

Poppendick, Fr 

Ripple Mills 

St. Joseph Iron Company 

Sisson, George H 

Thorndvke, W. J. & Co 

Taylor," Elijah , 



INDEX TO ELKHART ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Brown, B. F 145 

Beardsley, C 145 

Bucklen, Isaac 146 

Cummins, S. M 145 

Clifton House 145 

Doty, D. M & N. P 146 

Elkhart Marble Works 146 

Faber, A. E 146 

Gee R. Stoddard & Son 143 

INDEX TO GOSHEN ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Lanman, John T 

Mabbey & Brother 

Mann, C. B. & Co 

Main, O. H 

Patrick & Son 

Raymond & Kibbe . . . . 

Runyan, Dr. D. H 

Railroad Eating House. 



Bristol Steam Flouring JNIill 149 

Ellis, E. W. H 149 

Fassett, Herb. S 149 

Goshen Democrat 149 



Great Hydraulic Power 
Hascall & Alderman . . . 

Hydraulic Power 

Marshall, L. A. & Co . . , 



INDEX TO BRISTOL ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Bristol Hydraulic Company 151 

Bristol House 152 

Birch & Aitkin 152 

Fowler, Solomon 152 

INDEX TO COLDWATER ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Probasco, W 

Roe, F. M 

Romaine, Samuel B 



Adams, Hamlet B 154 

Bowen, W. J 153 

Bowen, AV. J. & O. A 153 

Brown, Dr. H. F 155 

Coe, George A 153 

Cornell, S. N 154 

Coldwater Sentinel 156 

Excelsior Dining Hall 154 

Parsons, E. G 153 



B 



Quiglev, O. 

Republican 

Southern Michigan Hotel 

Strong, M. L 

Spaukling, Dibble & Co. , 

Shively, J.W 

Smith '& Moore, 

Wilson, Louis T.N 

Water Cure Infirmary 



INDEX TO MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Allen, A. A. South Bend, Indiana. 160 
Brown, Mrs. H. F. M. Chicago, 111. 162 
Bacon & King, Niles, Michigan. . . 164 

Bond & Chandler, Chicago 164 

Dwight House, South Bend 160 

Democratic Union, White Pigeon. 163 

Day, A. V. P., Adrian, Mich 164 

Foster, Edson, Middlebury, Ind. . . 161 

Ford, Henry A., Niles, Mich 161 

Fulsom & Grannis, South Bend. . . 164 
Horr, J. C. & C. W. Wellington, O. 161 
HackstafT, Geo. C, White Pigeon. . 163 
Hamilton & Ruckman, 3 Rivers . . 165 
Hazlitt & Reed, Chicago 166 



Knoblock Bro's South Bend 

Kimball, Mrs. Lou H., Chicago. . . 

Lyceum Banner, Chicago 

Michigan Southern Railroad 

Mowliray & Buckley, South Bend. 
Nicar, Deming & Co., South Bend. 
Plimpton, E. M., Buchanan, Mich. 

Purdy, A. M., South Bend 

Perkins, P. C, Mishawaka, Ind. . . 
St. Joseph's Academy, South Bend 

St. Joseph Valley Railroad 

South Bend Nursery 

Towle, H. S., Chicago 

Three Rivers' Mills 



-140 
133 
134 
137 
137 
139 
136 
137 
138 
139 
135 
137 
138 
138 

146 
144 
144 
145 
146 
145 
145 
146 



150 
149 
150 
149 

153 
153 
153 



156 
153 
154 
154 
154 
154 
156 
154 
155 

160 
163 
163 
158 
163 
159 
161 
165 
165 
157 
166 
165 
164 
165 



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